Abstract：
Escherichia coli is the most researched microbial organism in the world. Its varied impact on human health, consisting of commensalism, gastrointestinal disease, or extraintestinal pathologies, has generated a separation of the species into at least eleven pathotypes (also known as pathovars). These are broadly split into two groups, intestinal pathogenic E. coli (InPEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). However, components of E. coli\'s infinite open accessory genome are horizontally transferred with substantial frequency, creating pathogenic hybrid strains that defy a clear pathotype designation. Here, we take a birds-eye view of the E. coli species, characterizing it from historical, clinical, and genetic perspectives. We examine the wide spectrum of human disease caused by E. coli, the genome content of the bacterium, and its propensity to acquire, exchange, and maintain antibiotic resistance genes and virulence traits. Our portrayal of the species also discusses elements that have shaped its overall population structure and summarizes the current state of vaccine development targeted at the most frequent E. coli pathovars. In our conclusions, we advocate streamlining efforts for clinical reporting of ExPEC, and emphasize the pathogenic potential that exists throughout the entire species.
摘要：
大肠杆菌是世界上研究最多的微生物。它对人类健康的各种影响，由共生主义组成，胃肠道疾病,或者肠外病变，已将该物种分离为至少11种致病型（也称为pathovars）。这些大致分为两组，肠致病性大肠杆菌(InPEC)和肠外致病性大肠杆菌(ExPEC)。然而,大肠杆菌无限开放副基因组的成分以相当大的频率水平转移，创造病原杂种菌株，无视明确的病理类型指定。这里,我们鸟瞰大肠杆菌，从历史上描述它，临床,和遗传观点。我们研究了由大肠杆菌引起的广泛的人类疾病，细菌的基因组含量，以及它的获取倾向，交换,保持抗生素抗性基因和毒力性状。我们对该物种的描述还讨论了塑造其整体种群结构的元素，并总结了针对最常见的大肠杆菌病菌的疫苗开发现状。在我们的结论中，我们主张简化ExPEC临床报告的工作，并强调整个物种存在的致病潜力。
