Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Blastocystis is a common intestinal protozoa found in animal and human fecal samples, with over 1 billion individuals infected worldwide. Since domestication, dogs and cats have had a close bond with humans. However, their close proximity poses a potential health risk since they may harbor several zoonotic agents. A global estimate of Blastocystis infection and subtype (ST) distribution in dogs and cats would therefore be of great health importance to humans.
METHODS: We performed a comprehensive systematic search of four English-language databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science) for relevant articles up to 8 November 2021. The random-effects model was used to make pooled estimates with confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: In total, we identified 49 publications that met our inclusion criteria and subsequently analyzed the 65 datasets in these articles, of which 23 and 42 datasets were on cats and dogs, respectively. Among the 2934 cats included in the 23 datasets, which involved 16 countries, the prevalence rate of Blastocystis infection was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3-15.9%). The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was slightly lower [7%, 95% CI 4.7-10.4%) among the 7946 dogs included in the 42 datasets, involving 23 countries. The sensitivity analysis showed that no remarkable variation in the estimates upon the stepwise removal of each dataset. Higher ST diversity was found among the examined dogs (ST1-8, ST10, ST23, ST24) than among cats (ST1-4, ST10, ST14). Among dogs, ST3 was the most frequent ST (41.3%), followed by ST2 (39.3%), ST1 (30.9%), ST4 (13.4%), ST8 (12.7%), ST10 (11%) and ST5 (8.1%). Also among dogs, each of ST6, ST7, ST23 and ST24 was observed in only one study. Of the ST found in the cats examined, ST4 (29.5%), followed by ST10 (22.5%), ST1 (19.8%) and ST3 (17.6%) were the most common. A single study also reported the presence of both ST2 and ST14 in cats. With respect to zoonotic Blastocystis STs (ST1-ST9 and ST12), eight were reported from dogs (ST1-ST8) and four were isolated from cats (ST1-ST4), showing the implication of dog and cats in zoonotic transmission.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results show that elucidation of the true epidemiology and ST distribution of Blastocystis in dogs and cats demands more comprehensive studies, particularly in the negelected regions of the world.
METHODS: We performed a comprehensive systematic search of four English-language databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science) for relevant articles up to 8 November 2021. The random-effects model was used to make pooled estimates with confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: In total, we identified 49 publications that met our inclusion criteria and subsequently analyzed the 65 datasets in these articles, of which 23 and 42 datasets were on cats and dogs, respectively. Among the 2934 cats included in the 23 datasets, which involved 16 countries, the prevalence rate of Blastocystis infection was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3-15.9%). The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was slightly lower [7%, 95% CI 4.7-10.4%) among the 7946 dogs included in the 42 datasets, involving 23 countries. The sensitivity analysis showed that no remarkable variation in the estimates upon the stepwise removal of each dataset. Higher ST diversity was found among the examined dogs (ST1-8, ST10, ST23, ST24) than among cats (ST1-4, ST10, ST14). Among dogs, ST3 was the most frequent ST (41.3%), followed by ST2 (39.3%), ST1 (30.9%), ST4 (13.4%), ST8 (12.7%), ST10 (11%) and ST5 (8.1%). Also among dogs, each of ST6, ST7, ST23 and ST24 was observed in only one study. Of the ST found in the cats examined, ST4 (29.5%), followed by ST10 (22.5%), ST1 (19.8%) and ST3 (17.6%) were the most common. A single study also reported the presence of both ST2 and ST14 in cats. With respect to zoonotic Blastocystis STs (ST1-ST9 and ST12), eight were reported from dogs (ST1-ST8) and four were isolated from cats (ST1-ST4), showing the implication of dog and cats in zoonotic transmission.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results show that elucidation of the true epidemiology and ST distribution of Blastocystis in dogs and cats demands more comprehensive studies, particularly in the negelected regions of the world.
摘要：
背景：囊胚是在动物和人类粪便样本中发现的常见肠道原生动物，全世界有超过10亿人被感染。自从驯化以来，狗和猫与人类有着密切的联系。然而,它们的近距离存在潜在的健康风险，因为它们可能藏有几种人畜共患病原体。因此，对狗和猫的囊胚感染和亚型（ST）分布的全球估计对人类具有重要的健康意义。
方法：我们对四个英语数据库（PubMed，Scopus,谷歌学者，WebofScience）获取截至2021年11月8日的相关文章。随机效应模型用于使用置信区间(CI)进行汇总估计。
结果：总计，我们确定了49篇符合我们纳入标准的出版物，随后分析了这些文章中的65个数据集，其中23和42个数据集是关于猫和狗的，分别。在23个数据集中的2934只猫中，涉及16个国家，囊胚感染的患病率为9.3%(95%CI5.3-15.9%).囊胚感染的患病率略低[7％，95%CI4.7-10.4%)在42个数据集中的7946只狗中，涉及23个国家。敏感性分析表明，逐步删除每个数据集后，估计值没有显着变化。在被检查的狗（ST1-8，ST10，ST23，ST24）中发现的ST多样性高于猫（ST1-4，ST10，ST14）。在狗中，ST3是最常见的ST（41.3％），其次是ST2（39.3%），ST1（30.9%），ST4（13.4%），ST8（12.7%），ST10（11%）和ST5（8.1%）。在狗中，仅一项研究观察到ST6,ST7,ST23和ST24.在检查的猫身上发现的ST，ST4（29.5%），其次是ST10(22.5%)，以ST1（19.8%）和ST3（17.6%）最为常见。一项研究还报道了猫中ST2和ST14的存在。关于人畜共患病囊胚病STs（ST1-ST9和ST12），8个来自狗（ST1-ST8），4个来自猫（ST1-ST4），显示狗和猫在人畜共患传播中的含义。
结论：综合来看，我们的结果表明，阐明犬和猫囊胚的真正流行病学和ST分布需要更全面的研究，特别是在世界上的negelected地区。
方法：我们对四个英语数据库（PubMed，Scopus,谷歌学者，WebofScience）获取截至2021年11月8日的相关文章。随机效应模型用于使用置信区间(CI)进行汇总估计。
结果：总计，我们确定了49篇符合我们纳入标准的出版物，随后分析了这些文章中的65个数据集，其中23和42个数据集是关于猫和狗的，分别。在23个数据集中的2934只猫中，涉及16个国家，囊胚感染的患病率为9.3%(95%CI5.3-15.9%).囊胚感染的患病率略低[7％，95%CI4.7-10.4%)在42个数据集中的7946只狗中，涉及23个国家。敏感性分析表明，逐步删除每个数据集后，估计值没有显着变化。在被检查的狗（ST1-8，ST10，ST23，ST24）中发现的ST多样性高于猫（ST1-4，ST10，ST14）。在狗中，ST3是最常见的ST（41.3％），其次是ST2（39.3%），ST1（30.9%），ST4（13.4%），ST8（12.7%），ST10（11%）和ST5（8.1%）。在狗中，仅一项研究观察到ST6,ST7,ST23和ST24.在检查的猫身上发现的ST，ST4（29.5%），其次是ST10(22.5%)，以ST1（19.8%）和ST3（17.6%）最为常见。一项研究还报道了猫中ST2和ST14的存在。关于人畜共患病囊胚病STs（ST1-ST9和ST12），8个来自狗（ST1-ST8），4个来自猫（ST1-ST4），显示狗和猫在人畜共患传播中的含义。
结论：综合来看，我们的结果表明，阐明犬和猫囊胚的真正流行病学和ST分布需要更全面的研究，特别是在世界上的negelected地区。
