Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In experimental models, the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in endothelial cells played a role in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. However, the role of GRP78 in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) has not been studied. We hypothesized that serum GRP78 levels are elevated in subjects with CAM.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the serum GRP78 levels in subjects with CAM and COVID-19 controls without mucormycosis.
METHODS: We performed a hospital-based, case-control study between 1 April 2021 and 31 May 2021.
METHODS: We enrolled 24 subjects each of CAM and COVID-19 subjects without mucormycosis. We also measured serum GRP78 levels in ten healthy controls.
METHODS: The primary exposure studied was serum GRP78 concentration, estimated using a commercially available ELISA kit in stored serum samples.
RESULTS: We found the mean ± standard deviation (SD) serum GRP78 levels significantly higher (p = 0.0001) among the CAM (374.3 ± 127.3 pg/mL) than the COVID-19 (246.4 ± 67.0 pg/mL) controls. The proportion of subjects with an abnormal GRP78 level (> mean [184.8 pg/mL] plus two SD [23.2 pg/mL] of GRP78 from healthy participants) was 87.5% and 45.8% in the CAM group and COVID-19 controls, respectively. Serum GRP78 level was independently associated with CAM (odds ratio 1.011; 95% confidence interval [1.002-1.019]) after adjusting for diabetes mellitus and hypoxemia during acute COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: Serum GRP78 levels were significantly higher in CAM than in COVID-19 controls. Further studies are required to the role of GRP78 in the pathogenesis of CAM.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the serum GRP78 levels in subjects with CAM and COVID-19 controls without mucormycosis.
METHODS: We performed a hospital-based, case-control study between 1 April 2021 and 31 May 2021.
METHODS: We enrolled 24 subjects each of CAM and COVID-19 subjects without mucormycosis. We also measured serum GRP78 levels in ten healthy controls.
METHODS: The primary exposure studied was serum GRP78 concentration, estimated using a commercially available ELISA kit in stored serum samples.
RESULTS: We found the mean ± standard deviation (SD) serum GRP78 levels significantly higher (p = 0.0001) among the CAM (374.3 ± 127.3 pg/mL) than the COVID-19 (246.4 ± 67.0 pg/mL) controls. The proportion of subjects with an abnormal GRP78 level (> mean [184.8 pg/mL] plus two SD [23.2 pg/mL] of GRP78 from healthy participants) was 87.5% and 45.8% in the CAM group and COVID-19 controls, respectively. Serum GRP78 level was independently associated with CAM (odds ratio 1.011; 95% confidence interval [1.002-1.019]) after adjusting for diabetes mellitus and hypoxemia during acute COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: Serum GRP78 levels were significantly higher in CAM than in COVID-19 controls. Further studies are required to the role of GRP78 in the pathogenesis of CAM.
摘要：
背景：在实验模型中，内皮细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)的表达在毛霉菌病的发病机制中起作用.然而,GRP78在COVID-19相关毛霉菌病（CAM）中的作用尚未研究。我们假设在患有CAM的受试者中血清GRP78水平升高。
目的：比较没有毛霉菌病的CAM和COVID-19对照组的血清GRP78水平。
方法：我们以医院为基础，2021年4月1日至2021年5月31日的病例对照研究。
方法：我们招募了24名没有毛霉菌病的CAM和COVID-19受试者。我们还测量了十个健康对照的血清GRP78水平。
方法：研究的主要暴露是血清GRP78浓度，使用市售ELISA试剂盒在储存的血清样品中进行估计。
结果：我们发现，与COVID-19（246.4±67.0pg/mL）对照相比，CAM（374.3±127.3pg/mL）中的血清GRP78水平（p=0.0001）明显更高（p=0.0001）。在CAM组和COVID-19对照组中，GRP78水平异常（>平均[184.8pg/mL]加上健康参与者的GRP78的两个SD[23.2pg/mL]）的受试者比例为87.5％和45.8％，分别。在校正急性COVID-19期间的糖尿病和低氧血症后，血清GRP78水平与CAM（比值比1.011；95％置信区间[1.002-1.019]）独立相关。
结论：CAM组血清GRP78水平明显高于COVID-19对照组。GRP78在CAM发病机制中的作用有待进一步研究。
目的：比较没有毛霉菌病的CAM和COVID-19对照组的血清GRP78水平。
方法：我们以医院为基础，2021年4月1日至2021年5月31日的病例对照研究。
方法：我们招募了24名没有毛霉菌病的CAM和COVID-19受试者。我们还测量了十个健康对照的血清GRP78水平。
方法：研究的主要暴露是血清GRP78浓度，使用市售ELISA试剂盒在储存的血清样品中进行估计。
结果：我们发现，与COVID-19（246.4±67.0pg/mL）对照相比，CAM（374.3±127.3pg/mL）中的血清GRP78水平（p=0.0001）明显更高（p=0.0001）。在CAM组和COVID-19对照组中，GRP78水平异常（>平均[184.8pg/mL]加上健康参与者的GRP78的两个SD[23.2pg/mL]）的受试者比例为87.5％和45.8％，分别。在校正急性COVID-19期间的糖尿病和低氧血症后，血清GRP78水平与CAM（比值比1.011；95％置信区间[1.002-1.019]）独立相关。
结论：CAM组血清GRP78水平明显高于COVID-19对照组。GRP78在CAM发病机制中的作用有待进一步研究。
