{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Serum glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) levels in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: results of a case-control study.
{Author}: Muthu V;Dhaliwal M;Sharma A;Nair D;Kumar HM;Rudramurthy SM;Sehgal IS;Choudhary H;Panda N;Chakrabarti A;Agarwal R;
{Journal}: Mycopathologia
{Volume}: 187
{Issue}: 4
{Year}: Aug 2022
{Factor}: 3.785
{DOI}: 10.1007/s11046-022-00645-6
{Abstract}: BACKGROUND: In experimental models, the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in endothelial cells played a role in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. However, the role of GRP78 in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) has not been studied. We hypothesized that serum GRP78 levels are elevated in subjects with CAM.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the serum GRP78 levels in subjects with CAM and COVID-19 controls without mucormycosis.
METHODS: We performed a hospital-based, case-control study between 1 April 2021 and 31 May 2021.
METHODS: We enrolled 24 subjects each of CAM and COVID-19 subjects without mucormycosis. We also measured serum GRP78 levels in ten healthy controls.
METHODS: The primary exposure studied was serum GRP78 concentration, estimated using a commercially available ELISA kit in stored serum samples.
RESULTS: We found the mean ± standard deviation (SD) serum GRP78 levels significantly higher (p = 0.0001) among the CAM (374.3 ± 127.3 pg/mL) than the COVID-19 (246.4 ± 67.0 pg/mL) controls. The proportion of subjects with an abnormal GRP78 level (> mean [184.8 pg/mL] plus two SD [23.2 pg/mL] of GRP78 from healthy participants) was 87.5% and 45.8% in the CAM group and COVID-19 controls, respectively. Serum GRP78 level was independently associated with CAM (odds ratio 1.011; 95% confidence interval [1.002-1.019]) after adjusting for diabetes mellitus and hypoxemia during acute COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: Serum GRP78 levels were significantly higher in CAM than in COVID-19 controls. Further studies are required to the role of GRP78 in the pathogenesis of CAM.