Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The dynamism in the regulatory frameworks concerning the consumption of cannabinoids has placed their effects on cognitive and psychomotor skills at the center of the scientific debate. In consideration of the potential repercussions on public safety, particular attention has been focused on the impairment of driving skills, opening up the need to specifically regulate driving under the effects of cannabinoids.
RESULTS: Both native cannabinoids and metabolites show a long positivity at low concentrations in the biological fluids, especially in the case of chronic consumption. Qualitative positivity to cannabinoids does not itself prove the presence of detrimental effects, which require the presence of active substances at relevant concentrations. Driving Skill Impairment: Multiple studies highlight a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration- based alteration of driving skills mainly affecting automatisms, whereas skills subjected to cognitive control are preserved up to higher dosages. The evidence relating to associations with other substances, chronic consumption and other cannabinoids, on the other hand, is still burdened by a high degree of uncertainty. Regulation Policies: Different models can be adopted in the regulation of driving under the effects of cannabinoids: sanctions can be applied in case of qualitative positivity, cannabinoids concentration above a defined threshold, or in presence of a demonstrated state of cognitive alteration.
CONCLUSIONS: \"Per se limit\" with a quantitative THC cut-off between 3.5 and 5 ng/ml can currently be considered the most balanced choice. Finally, the analysis carried out allowed to identify pitfalls in both scientific and legislative fields for the improvement of safety policies.
RESULTS: Both native cannabinoids and metabolites show a long positivity at low concentrations in the biological fluids, especially in the case of chronic consumption. Qualitative positivity to cannabinoids does not itself prove the presence of detrimental effects, which require the presence of active substances at relevant concentrations. Driving Skill Impairment: Multiple studies highlight a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration- based alteration of driving skills mainly affecting automatisms, whereas skills subjected to cognitive control are preserved up to higher dosages. The evidence relating to associations with other substances, chronic consumption and other cannabinoids, on the other hand, is still burdened by a high degree of uncertainty. Regulation Policies: Different models can be adopted in the regulation of driving under the effects of cannabinoids: sanctions can be applied in case of qualitative positivity, cannabinoids concentration above a defined threshold, or in presence of a demonstrated state of cognitive alteration.
CONCLUSIONS: \"Per se limit\" with a quantitative THC cut-off between 3.5 and 5 ng/ml can currently be considered the most balanced choice. Finally, the analysis carried out allowed to identify pitfalls in both scientific and legislative fields for the improvement of safety policies.
摘要：
简介-关于大麻素消费的监管框架的活力已将其对认知和精神运动技能的影响置于科学辩论的中心。考虑到对公共安全的潜在影响，特别关注的是驾驶技能的损害，开放需要专门规范大麻素作用下的驾驶。药代动力学-天然大麻素和代谢物在生物液体中的低浓度下显示出长阳性，特别是在长期消费的情况下。大麻素的定性阳性本身并不能证明存在有害影响，这需要存在的活性物质在相关浓度。驾驶技能损害-多项研究强调了基于四氢大麻酚（THC）浓度的驾驶技能改变，主要影响自动化，而接受认知控制的技能被保留到更高的剂量。与其他物质有关的证据，慢性消费和其他大麻素，另一方面,仍然承受着高度的不确定性。法规政策-在大麻素影响下的驾驶法规中可以采用不同的模型：在定性阳性的情况下可以应用制裁，大麻素浓度高于定义的阈值，或存在已证明的认知改变状态。结论-目前可以认为定量THC截止值在3.5和5ng/ml之间的“本身限制”是最平衡的选择。最后,进行的分析可以找出科学和立法领域的陷阱，以改善安全政策。
