Abstract：
BACKGROUND: To date, Campylobacter jejuni has not been found to be pathogenic to peafowl. The available publications show that out of a total of 44 samples tested from peafowl, this bacterium was isolated only in two cases. Eimeria pavonina infestations in the peafowl have been described, but no fatal cases have been reported yet.
METHODS: The four-year-old peacock was presented with chronic diarrhea, emaciation and weakness. Post mortem examination revealed enlarged and pale kidneys, small intestinal mucosal necrosis and thickening of intestinal wall, and pericardial effusion. The histopathological examination revealed necrotic enteritis with marked mononuclear cells infiltration associated with the presence of coccidia, additionally there was histological evidence of septicemia in liver and kidneys. Bacteria identification was based on light microscopy of the small intestine sample, culture, and biochemical tests. Further identification was based on PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was created by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 6 antimicrobial agents from 5 different classes. PCR assays were performed to detect virulence factors genes responsible for motility, cytolethal distending toxin production, adhesion and internalization. Bacteriology of the small intestine sample showed abundant growth almost exclusively of Campylobacter jejuni, resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ampicillin. Bacteria was sensitive to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and erythromycin. All tested virulence factors genes have been detected. The parasitological examination was performed by microscopic examination of fresh faeces and intestinal content, and revealed the moderate number of Eimeria pavonina, Histomonas meleagridis, single Capillaria spp. eggs as well Heterakis spp. like parasites.
CONCLUSIONS: The above case shows that a virulent isolate of Campylobacter jejuni in combination with a parasitic invasion may cause chronic enteritis in peafowl, which most likely led to extreme exhaustion of the host organism and death.
METHODS: The four-year-old peacock was presented with chronic diarrhea, emaciation and weakness. Post mortem examination revealed enlarged and pale kidneys, small intestinal mucosal necrosis and thickening of intestinal wall, and pericardial effusion. The histopathological examination revealed necrotic enteritis with marked mononuclear cells infiltration associated with the presence of coccidia, additionally there was histological evidence of septicemia in liver and kidneys. Bacteria identification was based on light microscopy of the small intestine sample, culture, and biochemical tests. Further identification was based on PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was created by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 6 antimicrobial agents from 5 different classes. PCR assays were performed to detect virulence factors genes responsible for motility, cytolethal distending toxin production, adhesion and internalization. Bacteriology of the small intestine sample showed abundant growth almost exclusively of Campylobacter jejuni, resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ampicillin. Bacteria was sensitive to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and erythromycin. All tested virulence factors genes have been detected. The parasitological examination was performed by microscopic examination of fresh faeces and intestinal content, and revealed the moderate number of Eimeria pavonina, Histomonas meleagridis, single Capillaria spp. eggs as well Heterakis spp. like parasites.
CONCLUSIONS: The above case shows that a virulent isolate of Campylobacter jejuni in combination with a parasitic invasion may cause chronic enteritis in peafowl, which most likely led to extreme exhaustion of the host organism and death.
摘要：
背景：迄今为止，尚未发现空肠弯曲杆菌对孔雀有致病性。现有的出版物显示，在总共44个从孔雀测试的样本中，这种细菌仅在两种情况下被分离。已经描述了孔雀中的艾美球虫侵扰，但是还没有死亡病例的报道。
方法：四岁的孔雀出现慢性腹泻，消瘦和软弱。验尸发现肾脏肿大和苍白，小肠粘膜坏死和肠壁增厚，和心包积液.组织病理学检查显示坏死性肠炎有明显的单核细胞浸润与球虫的存在有关，此外，肝脏和肾脏也有败血症的组织学证据。细菌鉴定是基于小肠样品的光学显微镜，文化,和生化测试。进一步的鉴定基于PCR。通过测定来自5个不同类别的6种抗微生物剂的最小抑制浓度(MIC)值来产生抗微生物剂敏感性曲线。进行PCR测定以检测负责运动性的毒力因子基因，细胞致死膨胀毒素的产生，粘附和内化。小肠样本的细菌学显示出几乎仅空肠弯曲杆菌的丰富生长，耐环丙沙星，庆大霉素和氨苄青霉素.细菌对阿莫西林+克拉维酸敏感,四环素,和红霉素。已检测到所有测试的毒力因子基因。通过显微镜检查新鲜粪便和肠道内容物进行寄生虫学检查，并揭示了艾美球虫的数量适中，meleagridis,单个毛细管属。鸡蛋以及Heterakisspp。就像寄生虫一样.
结论：上述病例表明，空肠弯曲杆菌的毒力分离株与寄生虫的侵袭相结合，可能会引起孔雀的慢性肠炎，这很可能导致宿主有机体极度疲惫和死亡。
方法：四岁的孔雀出现慢性腹泻，消瘦和软弱。验尸发现肾脏肿大和苍白，小肠粘膜坏死和肠壁增厚，和心包积液.组织病理学检查显示坏死性肠炎有明显的单核细胞浸润与球虫的存在有关，此外，肝脏和肾脏也有败血症的组织学证据。细菌鉴定是基于小肠样品的光学显微镜，文化,和生化测试。进一步的鉴定基于PCR。通过测定来自5个不同类别的6种抗微生物剂的最小抑制浓度(MIC)值来产生抗微生物剂敏感性曲线。进行PCR测定以检测负责运动性的毒力因子基因，细胞致死膨胀毒素的产生，粘附和内化。小肠样本的细菌学显示出几乎仅空肠弯曲杆菌的丰富生长，耐环丙沙星，庆大霉素和氨苄青霉素.细菌对阿莫西林+克拉维酸敏感,四环素,和红霉素。已检测到所有测试的毒力因子基因。通过显微镜检查新鲜粪便和肠道内容物进行寄生虫学检查，并揭示了艾美球虫的数量适中，meleagridis,单个毛细管属。鸡蛋以及Heterakisspp。就像寄生虫一样.
结论：上述病例表明，空肠弯曲杆菌的毒力分离株与寄生虫的侵袭相结合，可能会引起孔雀的慢性肠炎，这很可能导致宿主有机体极度疲惫和死亡。
