Abstract：
Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus), Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, and Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart) are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest different animal species and occasionally bite humans. Hosts are located by a complex process involving different kinds of stimuli perceived mainly by specific sensory structures on the antennae, which are the essential olfactory organs. General antennal morphology, together with distribution and ultrastructure of sensilla, have been studied in detail with scanning and transmission electron microscopy approaches. Observations have revealed some common features among the four studied hippoboscids: (a) typical concealment of the flagellum inside the other two segments; (b) characteristic trabecular surface of the flagellum; (c) peculiar external microtrichia; (d) presence on the flagellum of basiconic sensilla and grooved peg coeloconic sensilla; (e) unarticulated arista. The ultrastructure of L. fortisetosa revealed that microtrichia and the flagellar reticulated cuticle are not innervated. Different roles have been hypothesized for the described antennal structures. Microtrichia and the reticulated cuticle could convey volatile compounds towards the flagellar sensory area. Peculiar sensory neurons characterize the unarticulated arista which could be able to detect temperature variations. Coeloconic sensilla could be involved in thermoreception, hygroreception, and carbon dioxide reception at long distances, while the poorly porous basiconic sensilla could play a role in the host odour perception at medium-short distances.
摘要：
Lipoptenacervi(Linnaeus),利波特纳fortisetosaMaa，马匹林奈,和Pseudolynchiacanariensis（Macquart）是嗜血的体外寄生虫，会感染不同的动物物种，偶尔会咬人。宿主是通过复杂的过程定位的，该过程涉及主要由触角上的特定感觉结构感知的不同种类的刺激。是必不可少的嗅觉器官。一般触角形态，连同感官的分布和超微结构，已经用扫描和透射电子显微镜方法进行了详细的研究。观察结果表明，在四个研究的海马中，有一些共同的特征：（a）鞭毛在其他两个部分内的典型隐藏；（b）鞭毛的特征性小梁表面；（c）特殊的外部微毛虫；（d）在鞭毛上存在碱性敏感和槽状钉的鞭毛；（e）无关节。fortisetosa的超微结构显示微毛囊和鞭毛网状角质层没有神经支配。已经为所描述的触角结构假设了不同的角色。微trichia和网状角质层可以将挥发性化合物传递到鞭毛感觉区域。特殊的感觉神经元表征了能够检测温度变化的无关节ARISTA。Coeloconicsensilla可能参与热接收，潮湿的接收,远距离接收二氧化碳，而孔性差的碱性感官可能在中短距离的宿主气味感知中发挥作用。
