Abstract：
Adolescence is the peak period for the emergence of substance use, which can lead to long-term psychosocial, occupational and interpersonal complications. Ongoing large-scale, longitudinal, consortium initiatives, such as the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, offer unprecedented opportunities to elucidate key risk factors for problematic substance use in a well-powered sample and to examine how changes in risk factors relate to symptoms across time. Delay discounting has been proposed as a putative risk marker for early substance-use initiation and other forms of psychopathology. However, the extent to which other factors (e.g., socio-economic status and cognitive ability) influence discounting behaviour in young adolescents is not well established. The present study leverages data from the ABCD study (n = 11 045) to assess associations between core demographic and familial variables and delay discounting in youth-operationalized using hyperbolic discounting rates (k)-before the onset of significant psychopathology. Model estimates revealed significant effects of individual difference factors (e.g., sex and socio-economic status) and alcohol risk status (based on family history) on delay discounting. No significant differences were observed in the primary sample when comparing the presence of parent drug problems or prenatal drug exposures. These effects will require replication in later waves of ABCD. Nonetheless, these results provide support for delay discounting as a potential risk marker for problematic alcohol use and demonstrate a relationship between key demographic variables and adolescent discounting behaviour. Further, these results provide an empirical baseline from which developmental trajectories of delay discounting and substance use may be tracked throughout future waves of ABCD.
摘要：
青春期是物质使用出现的高峰期,这可能导致长期的社会心理，职业和人际并发症。持续的大规模，纵向,财团倡议，例如青少年大脑和认知发育（ABCD）研究，提供了前所未有的机会，可以在功能良好的样本中阐明有问题的药物使用的关键风险因素，并检查风险因素的变化如何与随时间的症状相关。延迟折扣已被提议作为早期物质使用开始和其他形式的精神病理学的推定风险标记。然而,其他因素(例如，社会经济地位和认知能力）影响青少年的折扣行为尚未得到很好的确立。本研究利用ABCD研究（n=11045）的数据来评估核心人口统计学和家族变量之间的关联，以及在重大精神病理学发作之前使用双曲线折现率（k）进行青年手术的延迟折现。模型估计揭示了个体差异因素的显著影响(例如，性别和社会经济地位）和酒精风险状况（基于家族史）的延迟折扣。在比较母体药物问题或产前药物暴露的存在时，在主要样本中未观察到显着差异。这些影响将需要在以后的ABCD波中复制。尽管如此，这些结果为延迟折扣作为有问题饮酒的潜在风险标记提供了支持,并证明了关键人口统计学变量与青少年折扣行为之间的关系.Further,这些结果提供了一个经验基线，从该基线可以跟踪延迟折扣和物质使用的发展轨迹在以后的ABCD波。
