Abstract：
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most prevalent diseases in children under 5 years old, and viruses are the leading cause. ARIs arise due to numerous factors, including age, contact with siblings or other children in daycare centers, and environmental pollution. Breastfeeding reportedly confers protection against ARIs through bioactive components related to mucous epithelial immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of viral ARIs in hospitalized children, together with the status and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and other associated factors. It comprised an epidemiological surveillance study to investigate respiratory viruses in hospitalized children, in which demographic and clinical data were collected. Overall, 279 patients were included, 190 (68%) had positive viral results, and 132 (47%) were exclusively breastfed. In an adjusted analysis, it was observed that older children, the parents\' educational level, and the presence of chronic disease were significantly related to EBF for more than 6 months. No significant differences were observed in viral positivity and disease severity concerning EBF. Whereas the EBF status was associated with a positive rate of virus detection, the significance did not remain after adjustment, and it was not considered a protective factor against ARIs. On the other hand, young age and exposure to tobacco were confirmed as risk factors of frequency and severity, respectively. Such confounding factors can impact the analysis and should be considered in future studies.
摘要：
急性呼吸道感染（ARIs）是5岁以下儿童中最常见的疾病，病毒是主要原因。ARIs是由于多种因素而产生的，包括年龄,与日托中心的兄弟姐妹或其他儿童接触，和环境污染。据报道,母乳喂养通过与粘液上皮免疫相关的生物活性组分赋予针对ARIs的保护。这项研究旨在评估住院儿童中病毒性ARIs的频率和严重程度，以及纯母乳喂养（EBF）的状态和持续时间以及其他相关因素。它包括一项流行病学监测研究，以调查住院儿童的呼吸道病毒，其中收集了人口统计学和临床数据。总的来说,包括279名患者，190（68%）有阳性的病毒结果，和132（47％）是纯母乳喂养。在调整后的分析中，据观察，年龄较大的孩子，父母的教育水平，慢性疾病的存在与超过6个月的EBF显著相关。关于EBF的病毒阳性和疾病严重程度没有观察到显著差异。而EBF状态与病毒检测的阳性率相关，调整后意义没有保留，它不被认为是对抗ARIs的保护因素。另一方面,年龄和烟草暴露被证实是频率和严重程度的危险因素，分别。这些混杂因素会影响分析，应在未来的研究中加以考虑。
