Abstract：
A mounting body of evidence suggests that polysubstance use (PSU) is common among people who use opioids (PWUO). Measuring PSU, however, is statistically and methodologically challenging. Person-centered analytical approaches (e.g., latent class analysis) provide a holistic understanding of individuals\' substance use patterns and help understand PSU heterogeneities among PWUO and their specific needs in an inductive manner. We reviewed person-centered studies that characterized latent patterns of PSU among PWUO.
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception, through to June 15, 2020, for empirical peer-reviewed studies or gray literature that reported on latent classes of PSU among PWUO. Two independent reviewers completed the title, abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and quality of reporting was evaluated using the Guidelines for Reporting on Latent Trajectory Studies checklist. Studies\' findings were summarized and presented in a narrative fashion.
Out of the 3372 initial unique studies identified, 30 were included. PSU operationalization varied substantially among the studies. We identified five distinct PSU latent classes frequently observed across the studies: Infrequent/low PSU, PSU primarily involving heroin use, PSU primarily involving heroin and stimulant use, PSU primarily involving stimulant use, and frequent PSU. Belonging to higher frequency or severity PSU classes were associated with frequent injection drug use, sharing needles and paraphernalia, high-risk sexual behaviours, as well as experiences of adversities, such as homelessness, incarceration, and poor mental health.
PSU patterns vary significantly across different subgroups of PWUO. The substantial heterogeneities among PWUO need to be acknowledged in substance use clinical practices and policy developments. Findings call for comprehensive interventions that recognize these within-group diversities and address the varying needs of PWUO.
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception, through to June 15, 2020, for empirical peer-reviewed studies or gray literature that reported on latent classes of PSU among PWUO. Two independent reviewers completed the title, abstract, full-text screening, and data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and quality of reporting was evaluated using the Guidelines for Reporting on Latent Trajectory Studies checklist. Studies\' findings were summarized and presented in a narrative fashion.
Out of the 3372 initial unique studies identified, 30 were included. PSU operationalization varied substantially among the studies. We identified five distinct PSU latent classes frequently observed across the studies: Infrequent/low PSU, PSU primarily involving heroin use, PSU primarily involving heroin and stimulant use, PSU primarily involving stimulant use, and frequent PSU. Belonging to higher frequency or severity PSU classes were associated with frequent injection drug use, sharing needles and paraphernalia, high-risk sexual behaviours, as well as experiences of adversities, such as homelessness, incarceration, and poor mental health.
PSU patterns vary significantly across different subgroups of PWUO. The substantial heterogeneities among PWUO need to be acknowledged in substance use clinical practices and policy developments. Findings call for comprehensive interventions that recognize these within-group diversities and address the varying needs of PWUO.
摘要：
越来越多的证据表明，在使用阿片类药物（PWUO）的人群中，使用多物质（PSU）很常见。测量PSU,然而,在统计和方法上具有挑战性。以人为本的分析方法(例如，潜在类别分析）提供对个人\'物质使用模式的整体理解，并以归纳的方式帮助理解PWUO之间的PSU异质性及其特定需求。我们回顾了以人为中心的研究，这些研究表征了PWUO中PSU的潜在模式。
我们搜索了MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,PsycINFO,WebofScience,和谷歌学者从一开始，截至2020年6月15日，用于报道PWUO中潜在PSU类别的实证同行评审研究或灰色文献。两名独立审稿人完成了标题，abstract,全文筛选,和数据提取。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估量表评估偏倚风险，报告质量使用潜在轨迹研究报告指南清单进行评估。研究结果以叙事方式进行了总结和呈现。
在确定的3372项初始独特研究中，包括30个。PSU的操作在研究中差异很大。我们确定了在研究中经常观察到的五个不同的PSU潜在类别：不常见/低PSU，PSU主要涉及海洛因的使用，PSU主要涉及海洛因和兴奋剂的使用，PSU主要涉及兴奋剂使用，和频繁的PSU。属于较高频率或严重程度的PSU类别与频繁注射药物使用有关，共用针头和用具，高风险的性行为,以及逆境的经历，比如无家可归，监禁,和不良的心理健康。
PSU模式在PWUO的不同亚组之间差异很大。在物质使用临床实践和政策制定中，需要认识到PWUO之间的实质性异质性。调查结果要求采取全面的干预措施，以认识到这些群体内部的多样性并满足PWUO的不同需求。
我们搜索了MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,PsycINFO,WebofScience,和谷歌学者从一开始，截至2020年6月15日，用于报道PWUO中潜在PSU类别的实证同行评审研究或灰色文献。两名独立审稿人完成了标题，abstract,全文筛选,和数据提取。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估量表评估偏倚风险，报告质量使用潜在轨迹研究报告指南清单进行评估。研究结果以叙事方式进行了总结和呈现。
在确定的3372项初始独特研究中，包括30个。PSU的操作在研究中差异很大。我们确定了在研究中经常观察到的五个不同的PSU潜在类别：不常见/低PSU，PSU主要涉及海洛因的使用，PSU主要涉及海洛因和兴奋剂的使用，PSU主要涉及兴奋剂使用，和频繁的PSU。属于较高频率或严重程度的PSU类别与频繁注射药物使用有关，共用针头和用具，高风险的性行为,以及逆境的经历，比如无家可归，监禁,和不良的心理健康。
PSU模式在PWUO的不同亚组之间差异很大。在物质使用临床实践和政策制定中，需要认识到PWUO之间的实质性异质性。调查结果要求采取全面的干预措施，以认识到这些群体内部的多样性并满足PWUO的不同需求。
