Abstract：
We aimed to investigate the effects of a low-glycemic index (GI) diet on the body mass and blood glucose of patients with four common metabolic diseases by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing a low-GI diet (LGID) and other types of diet. Search terms relating to population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design were used to search three databases: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We identified 24 studies involving 2002 participants. Random-effects models were used for 16 studies in the meta-analysis and stratified analyses were performed according to the duration of the intervention. The systematic review showed that LGIDs slightly reduced body mass and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). BMI improved more substantially after interventions of >24 weeks and there was no inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.48; mean difference (MD) = -2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.05, -0.98). Overall, an LGID had superior effects to a control diet on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin. When the intervention exceeded 30 days, an LGID reduced FBG more substantially (MD = -0.34, 95% CI: -0.55, -0.12). Thus, for patients with metabolic diseases, an LGID is more effective at controlling body mass and blood glucose than a high-GI or other diet.
摘要：
我们旨在通过对比较低GI饮食（LGID）和其他类型饮食的研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析，研究低血糖指数（GI）饮食对四种常见代谢性疾病患者体重和血糖的影响。与人口有关的搜索术语，干预，比较器,结果，研究设计用于搜索三个数据库：PubMed，Embase,还有Cochrane图书馆.我们确定了涉及2002名参与者的24项研究。在荟萃分析中对16项研究使用随机效应模型，并根据干预持续时间进行分层分析。系统评价显示，LGIDs略微降低了体重和体重指数（BMI）（p<0.05）。在>24周的干预后，BMI得到了更大的改善，并且没有研究间的异质性（I2=0％，p=0.48;均差(MD)=-2.02,95%置信区间(CI):-3.05,-0.98)。总的来说,LGID对空腹血糖(FBG)和糖化血红蛋白的影响优于对照饮食.当干预超过30天时，LGID更显著地降低FBG(MD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.55,-0.12)。因此，对于代谢性疾病患者，与高GI或其他饮食相比，LGID在控制体重和血糖方面更有效。
