Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are incapacitating disorders, which begin early in life, are mainly caused by genetic and neurobiological factors, and show a tendency to persist. They are associated with higher rates of incontinence in children and adolescents, including nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and constipation. Without diagnosis and treatment, they will interfere with incontinence treatment leading to less favorable outcomes. The aim of this International Children\'s Continence Society (ICCS) document is to provide an overview of the three most important NDs, that is, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID).
METHODS: This consensus paper was commissioned by the ICCS. A selective, nonsystematic review was performed. Guidelines, reviews, and selected studies were included. The recommendations are consensus-based.
RESULTS: ADHD is the most common ND with special relevance in clinical practice. ASD and ID are less common, but more severe disorders than ADHD. Basic principles of the assessment and treatment of NDs are provided. Incontinence is common among patients with NDs. Specific modifications and practical approaches in the treatment of incontinence in children with NDs are outlined.
CONCLUSIONS: Incontinence in children and adolescents with NDs is common. Effective treatment of incontinence should be adapted and modified to the specific needs of patients with NDs. A multiprofessional approach is recommended.
METHODS: This consensus paper was commissioned by the ICCS. A selective, nonsystematic review was performed. Guidelines, reviews, and selected studies were included. The recommendations are consensus-based.
RESULTS: ADHD is the most common ND with special relevance in clinical practice. ASD and ID are less common, but more severe disorders than ADHD. Basic principles of the assessment and treatment of NDs are provided. Incontinence is common among patients with NDs. Specific modifications and practical approaches in the treatment of incontinence in children with NDs are outlined.
CONCLUSIONS: Incontinence in children and adolescents with NDs is common. Effective treatment of incontinence should be adapted and modified to the specific needs of patients with NDs. A multiprofessional approach is recommended.
摘要：
目的：神经发育障碍（ND）是失能障碍，从生命的早期开始，主要由遗传和神经生物学因素引起，并表现出坚持的趋势。它们与儿童和青少年尿失禁的发生率更高有关，包括夜间遗尿症,白天尿失禁，大便失禁,还有便秘.如果没有诊断和治疗，它们会干扰失禁治疗，导致不太有利的结果。本国际儿童继续协会（ICCS）文件的目的是提供三个最重要的国家的概述，也就是说,注意力缺陷/多动障碍，自闭症谱系障碍（ASD），智力残疾（ID）。
方法：本共识文件由ICCS委托撰写。一个选择性的，进行了非系统评价.指导方针,reviews,并纳入了选定的研究。这些建议是基于共识的。
结果：ADHD是最常见的ND，在临床实践中具有特殊的相关性。ASD和ID不太常见，但比多动症更严重的疾病。提供了评估和治疗ND的基本原则。失禁在患有NDs的患者中很常见。概述了NDs儿童失禁治疗的具体修改和实用方法。
结论：尿失禁在患有NDs的儿童和青少年中是常见的。失禁的有效治疗应适应和修改，以适应患有ND的患者的特定需求。建议采用多专业方法。
方法：本共识文件由ICCS委托撰写。一个选择性的，进行了非系统评价.指导方针,reviews,并纳入了选定的研究。这些建议是基于共识的。
结果：ADHD是最常见的ND，在临床实践中具有特殊的相关性。ASD和ID不太常见，但比多动症更严重的疾病。提供了评估和治疗ND的基本原则。失禁在患有NDs的患者中很常见。概述了NDs儿童失禁治疗的具体修改和实用方法。
结论：尿失禁在患有NDs的儿童和青少年中是常见的。失禁的有效治疗应适应和修改，以适应患有ND的患者的特定需求。建议采用多专业方法。
