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Abstract：
Tissue and organ regeneration is the dynamic process by which a population of cells rearranges into a specific form with specific functions. Traditional tissue regeneration utilizes tissue grafting, cell implantation, and structured scaffolds to achieve clinical efficacy. However, tissue grafting methods face a shortage of donor tissue, while cell implantation may involve leakage of the implanted cells without a supportive 3D matrix. Cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation in structured scaffolds may disorganize and frustrate the artificially pre-designed structures, and sometimes involve immunogenic reactions. To overcome this limitation, the self-organizing properties and innate regenerative capability of tissue/organism formation in the absence of guidance by structured scaffolds has been investigated. This review emphasizes the growing subfield of the regulated self-organizing approach for neotissue formation and describes advances in the subfield using diverse, cutting-edge, inter-disciplinarity technologies. We cohesively summarize the directed self-organization of cells in the micro-engineered cell-ECM system and 3D/4D cell printing. Mathematical modeling of cellular self-organization is also discussed for providing rational guidance to intractable problems in tissue regeneration. It is envisioned that future self-organization approaches integrating biomathematics, micro-nano engineering, and gene circuits developed from synthetic biology will continue to work in concert with self-organizing morphogenesis to enhance rational control during self-organizing in tissue and organ regeneration.
摘要：
组织和器官再生是细胞群重新排列成具有特定功能的特定形式的动态过程。传统的组织再生利用组织移植，细胞植入,和结构化支架，以达到临床疗效。然而,组织移植方法面临着供体组织的短缺，而细胞植入可能涉及没有支持性3D基质的植入细胞的泄漏。细胞迁移,扩散,结构化支架的分化可能会破坏和阻碍人为预先设计的结构，有时涉及免疫原性反应。为了克服这个限制,已经研究了在没有结构化支架引导的情况下组织/生物体形成的自组织特性和先天再生能力。这篇综述强调了用于新组织形成的调节自组织方法的不断发展的子领域，并描述了使用不同，尖端，跨学科技术。我们总结了微工程化细胞-ECM系统和3D/4D细胞打印中细胞的定向自组织。还讨论了细胞自组织的数学模型，为组织再生中的棘手问题提供合理的指导。可以预见，未来的自组织方法集成了生物数学，微纳工程,从合成生物学开发的基因回路将继续与自组织形态发生协同工作，以增强组织和器官再生自组织过程中的合理控制。
