UNASSIGNED: The study included all patients diagnosed with cirrhosis for the first time during 2010-2015. Diagnosis was based on liver histology or 2 of 4 criteria: cirrhosis on imaging, ascites, varices, and/or elevated INR.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 157 patients were diagnosed, 105 (67%) males, mean age 61 years. The overall incidence was 9.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually. Alcohol was the only underlying cause in 48/157 (31%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 34/157(22%), and alcohol and hepatitis C together in 23/157(15%) were the most common causes. Only 6% of patients had an unknown cause of cirrhosis. Upon diagnosis, the median model for end-stage liver disease score was 11 (IQR 8-15), 53% were of Child-Pugh class A whereas 61 (39%) had ascites, 11% encephalopathy, and 8% variceal bleeding. In all, 25% of deaths were from HCC and 25% from liver failure.
UNASSIGNED: A major increase in incidence of cirrhosis has occurred in Iceland associated with increases in alcohol consumption, obesity, and hepatitis C. In a high proportion NAFLD was the aetiology and very few had unknown cause of cirrhosis. The highest death rate was from HCC.
UNASSIGNED: In a nationwide population-based study from Iceland, including all patients diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver over a period of 5 years, we found the incidence of new cases had increased 3-fold compared with a previous study 20 years ago. The increase is attributable to increased alcohol consumption, an epidemic of diabetes and obesity, and infection with the hepatitis C virus. Furthermore, we found that with thorough investigations, a specific cause for cirrhosis could be found in 94% of patients. Patients with cirrhosis frequently die of liver cancer and other complications related to their liver disease.
■该研究包括2010-2015年首次诊断为肝硬化的所有患者。诊断基于肝组织学或4个标准中的2个:影像学上的肝硬化,腹水,静脉曲张,和/或升高的INR。
■总的来说,157名患者被确诊,105名(67%)男性,平均年龄61岁。总发病率为每年每10万居民9.7例。酒精是48/157(31%)中唯一的根本原因,非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)34/157(22%),23/157(15%)的酒精和丙型肝炎是最常见的原因。只有6%的患者有不明原因的肝硬化。诊断后,终末期肝病模型评分中位数为11(IQR8-15),53%是Child-PughA级,而61(39%)有腹水,11%脑病,和8%的静脉曲张出血.总之,25%的死亡来自HCC,25%来自肝功能衰竭。
■冰岛的肝硬化发病率大幅增加与饮酒增加有关,肥胖,和丙型肝炎在高比例的NAFLD是病因,很少有不明原因的肝硬化。死亡率最高的是HCC。
■在一项来自冰岛的全国性人口研究中,包括在5年内诊断为肝硬化的所有患者,我们发现,与20年前的研究相比,新发病例的发生率增加了3倍.增加是由于酒精消费增加,糖尿病和肥胖症的流行,和丙型肝炎病毒感染。此外,我们发现经过彻底的调查,在94%的患者中可以发现肝硬化的具体原因。肝硬化患者经常死于肝癌和其他与肝脏疾病相关的并发症。