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Abstract：
These were to: (1) produce national and subnational estimates of the sex ratio at birth (SRB) and number of missing girl births in Nepal and (2) understand the socioeconomic correlates of these phenomena.
Observational secondary data analysis of (1) the 2011 population census of Nepal and (2) the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2006, 2011 and 2016.
Nepal.
(1) 2 567 963 children age 0-4 in the 2011 population census and (2) 27 329 births recorded in DHSs.
We estimate the SRB, and number and proportion of missing girls in the year and 5 years before the census by district. We also calculate conditional sex ratios (the SRB dependant on parity and sex of previous children) by province, time, education and wealth.
We find that 11 districts have significantly skewed sex ratios at birth in the 2011 population census, with the highest SRBs observed in Arghakhanchi (SRB=127) and Bhaktapur (SRB=123). 22 540 girl births were missing in the 5 years before the 2011 population census. Sex-selective abortion is geographically concentrated, especially in the Kathmandu Valley and Lumbini Province, with 53% of missing girls found in only 11 out of 75 districts.DHS data confirm this, with elevated conditional sex ratios observed in Bagmati and Lumbini Provinces; conditional sex ratios where previous births were all female also became more skewed over time. Skewed sex ratios are concentrated among wealthier more educated groups.
It is clear that sex selection will persist and develop in Nepal unless a coordinated effort is made to address both the demand for and supply of this service. Policies should be holistic and encompass economic and legal gender equity, and strengthen monitoring mechanisms to prevent technology misuse, without jeopardising the right to safe, free and legal abortion.
Observational secondary data analysis of (1) the 2011 population census of Nepal and (2) the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2006, 2011 and 2016.
Nepal.
(1) 2 567 963 children age 0-4 in the 2011 population census and (2) 27 329 births recorded in DHSs.
We estimate the SRB, and number and proportion of missing girls in the year and 5 years before the census by district. We also calculate conditional sex ratios (the SRB dependant on parity and sex of previous children) by province, time, education and wealth.
We find that 11 districts have significantly skewed sex ratios at birth in the 2011 population census, with the highest SRBs observed in Arghakhanchi (SRB=127) and Bhaktapur (SRB=123). 22 540 girl births were missing in the 5 years before the 2011 population census. Sex-selective abortion is geographically concentrated, especially in the Kathmandu Valley and Lumbini Province, with 53% of missing girls found in only 11 out of 75 districts.DHS data confirm this, with elevated conditional sex ratios observed in Bagmati and Lumbini Provinces; conditional sex ratios where previous births were all female also became more skewed over time. Skewed sex ratios are concentrated among wealthier more educated groups.
It is clear that sex selection will persist and develop in Nepal unless a coordinated effort is made to address both the demand for and supply of this service. Policies should be holistic and encompass economic and legal gender equity, and strengthen monitoring mechanisms to prevent technology misuse, without jeopardising the right to safe, free and legal abortion.
摘要：
这些措施是：（1）对尼泊尔的出生性别比（SRB）和失踪女童数量进行国家和国家以下估计，以及（2）了解这些现象的社会经济相关性。
对（1）尼泊尔2011年人口普查和（2）2006、2011和2016年尼泊尔人口与健康调查（DHS）的观察性二次数据分析。
尼泊尔。
（1）2011年人口普查中2567963名0-4岁的儿童和（2）在DHS中记录的27329例出生。
我们估计了SRB，以及按地区分列的人口普查前一年和五年失踪女孩的数量和比例。我们还按省份计算有条件的性别比率（SRB取决于以前孩子的均等和性别），时间,教育和财富。
我们发现，在2011年的人口普查中，有11个地区的出生性别比出现了显著的偏差，在Arghakhanchi（SRB=127）和Bhaktapur（SRB=123）中观察到最高的SRB。在2011年人口普查之前的5年中，有22540名女孩失踪。性别选择性堕胎在地理上集中，尤其是在加德满都谷地和蓝毗尼省,在75个地区中只有11个地区发现了53％的失踪女孩。国土安全部的数据证实了这一点,在巴格马蒂省和蓝毗尼省观察到有条件的性别比升高；以前出生的婴儿都是女性的条件性别比也随着时间的推移而变得更加偏斜。倾斜的性别比例集中在较富裕，受过良好教育的群体中。
很明显，除非协调努力解决这项服务的需求和供应，否则性别选择将在尼泊尔持续和发展。政策应该是整体的，包括经济和法律上的性别平等，加强监督机制，防止技术滥用，在不危及安全权的情况下，免费合法堕胎
对（1）尼泊尔2011年人口普查和（2）2006、2011和2016年尼泊尔人口与健康调查（DHS）的观察性二次数据分析。
尼泊尔。
（1）2011年人口普查中2567963名0-4岁的儿童和（2）在DHS中记录的27329例出生。
我们估计了SRB，以及按地区分列的人口普查前一年和五年失踪女孩的数量和比例。我们还按省份计算有条件的性别比率（SRB取决于以前孩子的均等和性别），时间,教育和财富。
我们发现，在2011年的人口普查中，有11个地区的出生性别比出现了显著的偏差，在Arghakhanchi（SRB=127）和Bhaktapur（SRB=123）中观察到最高的SRB。在2011年人口普查之前的5年中，有22540名女孩失踪。性别选择性堕胎在地理上集中，尤其是在加德满都谷地和蓝毗尼省,在75个地区中只有11个地区发现了53％的失踪女孩。国土安全部的数据证实了这一点,在巴格马蒂省和蓝毗尼省观察到有条件的性别比升高；以前出生的婴儿都是女性的条件性别比也随着时间的推移而变得更加偏斜。倾斜的性别比例集中在较富裕，受过良好教育的群体中。
很明显，除非协调努力解决这项服务的需求和供应，否则性别选择将在尼泊尔持续和发展。政策应该是整体的，包括经济和法律上的性别平等，加强监督机制，防止技术滥用，在不危及安全权的情况下，免费合法堕胎
