Abstract：
In decomposed or skeletonized bodies, conventional matrices used in forensic toxicology may no longer be available for analysis. The aim of this paper was to test the survival and detection of toxicological substances in dry bone samples with over 23 years of post-mortem interval. In this perspective, bone samples from the cranium, ribs, and vertebrae of seven skeletons from the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, buried for over 23 years, fully decomposed and altered by taphonomic factors were selected based on their ante-mortem data, which included verified or suspected drug addictions or overdose. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed with Dionex™ ASE™ 350 Accelerated Solvent Extractor and Q-Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry with a HPLC system. Positive results were obtained in six of the seven cases, and different psychoactive drugs (and in some cases their active metabolites) were detected, including analgesic (two opioids: methadone and buprenorphine) and anxiolytic drugs (benzodiazepines, in particular delorazepam, diazepam, nordiazepam, and lorazepam), a cannabinoid metabolite (THCCOOH) as well as metabolites of stimulants (benzoylecgonine and MDA). Consequently, this research shows that toxicological substances may be found in bone tissue after over 23 years of post-mortem interval.
摘要：
在分解或骨骼化的身体中，法医毒理学中使用的常规基质可能不再可用于分析。本文的目的是在超过23年的死后间隔内测试干骨样品中毒理学物质的存活和检测。从这个角度来看,颅骨的骨样本,肋骨,以及来自CALMilano公墓骨骼收藏的七个骨骼的椎骨，埋葬了23年多,根据其死前数据选择完全分解和改变的植物因子，其中包括核实或怀疑吸毒成瘾或过量。使用Dionex™ASE™350加速溶剂提取器和具有HPLC系统的Q-ExactiveOrbitrap-质谱进行定性和定量分析。七例中的六例取得阳性结果,并检测到不同的精神活性药物（在某些情况下，它们的活性代谢物），包括镇痛药（两种阿片类药物：美沙酮和丁丙诺啡）和抗焦虑药物（苯二氮卓类药物，尤其是delorazepam,地西泮,诺地西泮,和劳拉西泮)，大麻素代谢产物（THCCOOH）以及兴奋剂的代谢产物（苯甲酰芽子碱和MDA）。因此,这项研究表明，在超过23年的死亡间隔后，可能会在骨组织中发现毒理学物质。
