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Abstract：
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, and the mortality rate continues to be unacceptably high. The biomarkers currently used in clinical practice are considered relevant when there is already significant renal impairment compromising the early use of potentially successful therapeutic interventions. More sensitive and specific biomarkers to detect CKD earlier on and improve patients\' prognoses are an important unmet medical need. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature on new promising early CKD biomarkers of renal function, tubular lesions, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, and on the auspicious findings from metabolomic studies in this field. Most of the studied biomarkers require further validation in large studies and in a broad range of populations in order to be implemented into routine CKD management. A panel of biomarkers, including earlier biomarkers of renal damage, seems to be a reasonable approach to be applied in clinical practice to allow earlier diagnosis and better disease characterization based on the underlying etiologic process.
摘要：
慢性肾脏病(CKD)的患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势,死亡率仍然高得令人无法接受。当前在临床实践中使用的生物标志物被认为是相关的,当已经存在显著的肾损害时,损害了可能成功的治疗干预的早期使用。更敏感和特异的生物标志物早期检测CKD并改善患者预后是一项重要的未满足的医疗需求。这篇综述的目的是总结最近关于肾功能的新的有前途的早期CKD生物标志物的文献。管状病变,内皮功能障碍和炎症，以及该领域代谢组学研究的吉祥发现。大多数研究的生物标志物需要在大型研究和广泛人群中进一步验证，以便实施到常规CKD管理中。一组生物标志物，包括早期肾损害的生物标志物，似乎是在临床实践中应用的合理方法，可以根据潜在的病因过程进行更早的诊断和更好的疾病表征。
