Abstract：
Rhinosporidium seeberi (R. seeberi) causes rhinosporidiosis, which is manifested as tumor-like polyps developing primarily in the nostrils and conjunctiva in human and animals. This disease is characterized by the presence of large, round-shaped mature stage and small endospores with resistance to culturing. R. seeberi was first reported in 1900 as a sporozoan parasite, but later classified as a lower fungi, although its morphological similarity with aquatic parasites were also noticed. According to 18S small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing, R. seeberi belongs to a group of fish parasite DRIP clade located between the animal and fungal divergence. Histological examination is thus necessary for the definitive diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis, and the first line of treatment is usually total surgical excision and electro-cauterization of the polyp base. Among the drug therapies attempted, remission has been reported in some patients who received only Dapson treatment. This disease is endemic across India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and occurs sporadically in other parts of The World with a common history of patients bathing in stagnant water. An outbreak in Serbia during 1992-1995 and 5 rhinosporidiosis cases from Turkey have been reported until date. Considering that rhinosporidiosis is associated with exposure to water and the agent belongs to a branch of aquatic parasites, it has been proposed that aquatic animals are the natural hosts and that the mammalian hosts acquire infection by contacting contaminated water. Therefore, there is a need for the investigation of the infection in fish besides mammalian animals as reservoirs as well as to conduct screening of antiparasitic drugs with infected fish or infected cell lines with the nearest phylogenetic relatives of R. seeberi.
摘要：
沙棘(R.seeberi）引起鼻孢子虫病，表现为肿瘤样息肉主要在人类和动物的鼻孔和结膜中发展。这种疾病的特点是存在大量，圆形成熟期和小内生孢子，对培养有抵抗力。R.seeberi于1900年首次被报道为孢子虫寄生虫，但后来被归类为低级真菌，尽管也注意到其与水生寄生虫的形态相似性。根据18S小亚基核糖体DNA测序，R.seeberi属于一组鱼类寄生虫DRIP进化枝，位于动物和真菌之间的分歧。因此，组织学检查对于鼻孢子虫病的明确诊断是必要的，一线治疗通常是息肉基底的全手术切除和电烧灼。在尝试的药物疗法中，据报道,一些仅接受Dapson治疗的患者出现了缓解.这种疾病在印度很流行，巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡，偶尔发生在世界其他地区，有患者在死水中洗澡的共同历史。迄今为止，塞尔维亚在1992-1995年期间爆发了一次疫情，土耳其报告了5例鼻孢子虫病病例。考虑到鼻孢子虫病与接触水有关，该药物属于水生寄生虫的一个分支，已经提出水生动物是天然宿主,并且哺乳动物宿主通过接触污染的水获得感染。因此,有必要研究除哺乳动物以外的鱼类作为水库的感染，以及对感染的鱼类或感染的细胞系进行抗寄生虫药物的筛选。
