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Abstract：
Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that environmental toxicants may influence susceptibility to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The objective of the present study was to estimate the association between blood lead concentrations and the odds of child influenza or RSV infection. A test-negative, case-control study was conducted among 617 children, <4 years of age, tested for influenza/RSV from 2012-2017 in Rochester, NY. There were 49 influenza cases (568 controls) and 123 RSV cases (494 controls). Blood lead concentrations reported in children\'s medical records were linked with influenza/RSV lab test results. Covariables were collected from medical records, birth certificates, and U.S. census data. In this sample, evidence of an association between blood lead levels and RSV or influenza diagnosis was not observed. Children with a lead level ≥1 μg/dL vs. <1 μg/dL had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence limit of 0.95 (0.60, 1.49) for RSV and 1.34 (0.65, 2.75) for influenza. In sex-specific analyses, boys with lead concentrations ≥1 μg/dL vs. <1 μg/dL had an aOR = 1.89 (1.25, 2.86) for influenza diagnosis, while the estimates were inconsistent for girls. These results are suggestive of sex-specific associations between blood lead levels and the risk of influenza, although the sample size was small.
摘要：
实验和流行病学证据表明，环境毒物可能会影响对流感和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）的易感性。本研究的目的是评估血铅浓度与儿童流感或RSV感染几率之间的关系。测试阴性，在617名儿童中进行了病例对照研究，<4岁，2012-2017年在罗切斯特测试流感/RSV，NY.共有49例流感病例（568例对照）和123例RSV病例（494例对照）。儿童医疗记录中报告的血铅浓度与流感/RSV实验室检测结果相关。协变量是从医疗记录中收集的，出生证明,美国人口普查数据。在这个样本中，未观察到血铅水平与RSV或流感诊断之间存在关联的证据.铅水平≥1μg/dL的儿童与<1μg/dL的调整比值比(aOR)和95%置信限对于RSV为0.95(0.60,1.49),对于流感为1.34(0.65,2.75)。在性别特异性分析中，铅浓度≥1μg/dL的男孩与<1μg/dL的aOR=1.89（1.25，2.86）用于流感诊断，而女孩的估计不一致。这些结果暗示了血铅水平与流感风险之间的性别特异性关联，虽然样本量很小。
