鸟类对重金属污染很敏感,铅(Pb)污染会对他们的肝脏和肠道产生负面影响。因此,我们用鹦鹉检查了铅暴露在鸟类中引起的肝脏和肠道中毒,以及可能的毒性机制。研究结果表明,铅暴露会增加肝脏重量,降低体重。此外,组织病理学和免疫荧光分析结果表明,经过Pb处理的虎皮虎皮鹦鹉明显的肝损伤和细胞凋亡增加。定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)结果还显示,Pb通过抑制PPAR-γ/PI3K/Akt途径引起细胞凋亡增加。肠道微生物分析表明Firmicutes,变形杆菌,拟杆菌是优势微生物门,网络分析结果显示节杆菌,缓生根瘤菌和Alloprevotella作为模块I的中心,II,III,分别。苯丙素类和聚酮化合物,有机杂环化合物,有机氧化合物,有机氮化合物是主要的代谢产物超类。牛磺熊去氧胆酸,牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(钠盐),和2-[2-(5-溴-2-吡啶基)二氮-1-烯基]-5-(二乙基氨基)苯酚在铅处理组中明显富集。研究表明,使用微生物和代谢组学数据,Pb处理和对照鹦鹉之间有41种京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)直系同源物和183种途径存在差异。此外,基于微生物和代谢物的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)在Pb处理组和对照组中显示出不同的簇。此外,相关分析结果表明,铅处理组和对照组的肠道菌群与代谢组学数据呈正相关,分别。此外,发现肠道和肝脏的微环境相互影响,这项研究表明,重金属尤其是铅也可能通过“肠-肝轴”对鸟类构成严重的健康风险。
Birds are sensitive to heavy metal pollution, and lead (
Pb) contamination can negatively affect their liver and gut. Therefore, we used budgerigars to examine liver and gut toxicosis caused by
Pb exposure in bird, and the possible toxic mechanisms. The findings showed
Pb exposure increased liver weight and decreased body weight. Moreover, histopathological and immunofluorescence assay results demonstrated obvious liver damage and cell apoptosis increased in
Pb- treated budgerigars. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results also showed
Pb caused an increase in apoptosis by inhibiting the PPAR-γ/PI3K/Akt pathway. The gut microbe analyses indicated Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were dominant microbial phyla, and Network analysis results shown Arthrobacter, Bradyrhizobium and Alloprevotella as the hubs of Modules I, II, and III, respectively. Phenylpropanoids and polyketides, Organoheterocyclic compounds, Organic oxygen compounds, and Organic nitrogen compounds were dominant metabolite superclasses. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (sodium salt), and 2-[2-(5-bromo-2-pyridyl)diaz-1-enyl]-5-(diethylamino)phenol were significantly enriched in the Pb-treated group. It showed that 41 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologues and 183 pathways differed between the Pb-treated and control budgerigars using microbial and metabolomic data. Moreover, orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) based on microbial and metabolite indicated distinct clusters in the Pb-treated and control groups. Additionally, the correlation analysis results indicated that a positive correlation for the Pb-treated and control groups between gut microbiota and metabolomic data, respectively. Furthermore, the microenvironment of the gut and liver were found to affect each other, and this study demonstrated heavy metal especially Pb may pose serious health risks to birds through the \"gut-liver axis\" too.