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Abstract：
Within epidemiological and intervention studies, whole grain consumption has generally shown positive associations with reductions in markers of overweight and obesity. However, studies use varied methods of determining whole grain intake, including different definitions of a whole grain food, which may explain varied results. This systematic review aimed to identify how different methods of reporting and calculating whole grain intake, including whole grain food definitions, affect reported associations between whole grain intake and body weight measures in adults. Systematic searching of PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and MEDLINE (all years to 11 June, 2020) identified eligible studies. Cohort and cross-sectional studies assessing whole grain intake and body weight measures in adults were included. Studies that did not specify methods used to calculate whole grain intake were excluded. Twenty-one cross-sectional studies (from 24 articles) and 9 prospective cohort studies (from 7 articles) were included in the review. Many cross-sectional studies showed whole grain intake was, to some degree, significantly associated with body weight measures, whereas associations varied greatly among cohort studies. Studies calculating whole grain intake using total grams of intake, USDA databases, or ≥25% whole grain in combination with listing specific foods, showed consistent beneficial effects of increasing whole grain intake on body weight. Studies with general lists of foods included as \"whole grain foods\" or lower cut-offs for whole grain content were inconsistent. The majority of studies reported whole grain intake as servings/day or grams whole grain/day. This review suggests that an association between whole grain and body weight measures remains likely, although precise associations are difficult to determine due to heterogeneity in methodologies and an inability to formally compare studies. Moving forward, application of a standardized methodology to calculate whole grain intake is essential.
摘要：
在流行病学和干预研究中，全谷物消费通常与超重和肥胖指标的减少呈正相关。然而,研究使用多种方法确定全谷物摄入量，包括全谷物食品的不同定义，这可以解释不同的结果。本系统综述旨在确定报告和计算全谷物摄入量的不同方法，包括全谷物食品的定义，影响报告的成人全谷物摄入量和体重指标之间的关联。PubMed的系统搜索，Scopus,护理和相关健康文献累积指数(CINAHL)，Cochrane中央控制试验登记册（中央），和MEDLINE(截至6月11日的所有年份，2020)确定了合格的研究。包括评估成人全谷物摄入量和体重测量的队列和横断面研究。没有指定用于计算全谷物摄入量的方法的研究被排除在外。该综述包括21项横断面研究（来自24篇文章）和9项前瞻性队列研究（来自7篇文章）。许多横断面研究表明，全谷物摄入量是，在某种程度上,与体重测量显着相关，而队列研究之间的关联差异很大。使用总克数计算全谷物摄入量的研究，美国农业部数据库,或≥25%全谷物与列出特定食物的组合，显示出增加全谷物摄入量对体重的一致有益作用。将食物的一般清单列为“全谷物食物”或全谷物含量的下限的研究不一致。大多数研究报告全谷物摄入量为份数/天或克全谷物/天。这篇综述表明，全谷物和体重测量之间的关联仍然可能存在，尽管由于方法学的异质性和无法正式比较研究，很难确定精确的关联。往前走,应用标准化方法来计算全谷物摄入量至关重要。
