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Abstract：
To present for the first time in the north-western Spanish osteological record prevalence data on Stafne\'s bone defect, to compare the results with those reported by other studies, and to increase the dataset for future inter-population comparisons.
In all, 143 complete adult mandibles recovered from two necropolises were analyzed (n = 118, San Juan Bautista of Guardo, Palencia province, 16th-19th centuries; n = 25, Plaza del Grano, city of León, 12th-15th centuries).
Differential diagnosis of the lesions was made through macroscopic and Computed Tomography (CT) analyses.
Four mandibles (n = 3, Guardo, Palencia; n = 1, León) presented bone cavities on the lingual aspect of the mandible below the mylohyoid channel, between the first molar and the angle of the mandible. CT scan showed unilateral well-defined unilocular oval/round concavities in the lingual mandibular cortex below the inferior alveolar canal. Neither the macroscopic nor the radiological characteristics are compatible with inflammatory or malignant pathology, favoring instead a diagnosis of Stafne\'s bone defect.
Four cases of Stafne\'s defects are added to the bioarchaeological inventory. The calculated prevalence is 2.54% for San Juan Bautista and 4% for Plaza del Grano, values in close agreement to those presented in other osteoarchaeological studies.
The identification of all examples of Stafne\'s bone defects in past populations will contribute to elucidate which factors may be responsible for this trait\'s cultural, ecological, temporal, and geographical patterning.
The skeletal samples are relatively small.
In future investigations of Stafne\'s bone defects, CT analysis of dry bone specimens is recommended, whenever possible.
In all, 143 complete adult mandibles recovered from two necropolises were analyzed (n = 118, San Juan Bautista of Guardo, Palencia province, 16th-19th centuries; n = 25, Plaza del Grano, city of León, 12th-15th centuries).
Differential diagnosis of the lesions was made through macroscopic and Computed Tomography (CT) analyses.
Four mandibles (n = 3, Guardo, Palencia; n = 1, León) presented bone cavities on the lingual aspect of the mandible below the mylohyoid channel, between the first molar and the angle of the mandible. CT scan showed unilateral well-defined unilocular oval/round concavities in the lingual mandibular cortex below the inferior alveolar canal. Neither the macroscopic nor the radiological characteristics are compatible with inflammatory or malignant pathology, favoring instead a diagnosis of Stafne\'s bone defect.
Four cases of Stafne\'s defects are added to the bioarchaeological inventory. The calculated prevalence is 2.54% for San Juan Bautista and 4% for Plaza del Grano, values in close agreement to those presented in other osteoarchaeological studies.
The identification of all examples of Stafne\'s bone defects in past populations will contribute to elucidate which factors may be responsible for this trait\'s cultural, ecological, temporal, and geographical patterning.
The skeletal samples are relatively small.
In future investigations of Stafne\'s bone defects, CT analysis of dry bone specimens is recommended, whenever possible.
摘要：
首次在西班牙西北部的骨学记录中提供有关Stafne骨缺损的患病率数据，为了将结果与其他研究报告的结果进行比较，并增加未来人群间比较的数据集。
总之,分析了从两个坏死区回收的143个完整的成年下颌骨（n=118，瓜多的圣胡安·包蒂斯塔，帕伦西亚省,16-19世纪；n=25，格拉诺广场，莱昂市,12-15世纪）。
通过宏观和计算机断层扫描（CT）分析对病变进行鉴别诊断。
四个下颌骨（n=3，Guardo，Palencia；n=1，León）在下颌骨舌骨通道下方的舌面出现骨腔，在第一磨牙和下颌骨的角度之间。CT扫描显示下牙槽管下方的舌下颌皮质中单侧清晰的单眼椭圆形/圆形凹陷。宏观和放射学特征均不与炎症或恶性病理相符，而不是支持Stafne骨缺损的诊断。
生物考古清单中增加了4例Stafne的缺陷。计算出的患病率为圣胡安包蒂斯塔的2.54％和格拉诺广场的4％，与其他骨考古学研究中提出的价值观非常吻合。
在过去的人群中，Stafne骨缺损的所有例子的识别将有助于阐明哪些因素可能是造成这种特征文化的原因，生态,temporal,和地理模式。
骨骼样品相对较小。
在未来对Stafne骨缺损的研究中，建议对干骨标本进行CT分析，只要有可能。
总之,分析了从两个坏死区回收的143个完整的成年下颌骨（n=118，瓜多的圣胡安·包蒂斯塔，帕伦西亚省,16-19世纪；n=25，格拉诺广场，莱昂市,12-15世纪）。
通过宏观和计算机断层扫描（CT）分析对病变进行鉴别诊断。
四个下颌骨（n=3，Guardo，Palencia；n=1，León）在下颌骨舌骨通道下方的舌面出现骨腔，在第一磨牙和下颌骨的角度之间。CT扫描显示下牙槽管下方的舌下颌皮质中单侧清晰的单眼椭圆形/圆形凹陷。宏观和放射学特征均不与炎症或恶性病理相符，而不是支持Stafne骨缺损的诊断。
生物考古清单中增加了4例Stafne的缺陷。计算出的患病率为圣胡安包蒂斯塔的2.54％和格拉诺广场的4％，与其他骨考古学研究中提出的价值观非常吻合。
在过去的人群中，Stafne骨缺损的所有例子的识别将有助于阐明哪些因素可能是造成这种特征文化的原因，生态,temporal,和地理模式。
骨骼样品相对较小。
在未来对Stafne骨缺损的研究中，建议对干骨标本进行CT分析，只要有可能。
