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Abstract：
The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in the host, including those involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. The relationship between alterations in intestinal microbiota and diseases associated with civilization is well documented. GM dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders. Multiple factors modulate the composition of the microbiota and how it physically functions, but one of the major factors triggering GM establishment is diet. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge about the relationship between nutrition, gut microbiota, and host metabolic status. We described how macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fat) and different dietary patterns (e.g., Western-style diet, vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet) interact with the composition and activity of GM, and how gut bacterial dysbiosis has an influence on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
摘要：
肠道微生物群(GM)被定义为微生物群落(细菌，古细菌,真菌,病毒）定植于胃肠道。GM调节宿主的各种代谢途径，包括那些参与能量稳态的人，葡萄糖和脂质代谢，和胆汁酸代谢。肠道微生物群的改变和与文明相关的疾病之间的关系是有据可查的。转基因菌群失调涉及多种疾病的发病机理，比如代谢综合征，心血管疾病,乳糜泻,炎症性肠病，和神经系统疾病。多种因素调节微生物群的组成及其物理功能，但是引发转基因的主要因素之一是饮食。在本文中,我们回顾了当前关于营养之间关系的知识，肠道菌群，和宿主代谢状态。我们描述了常量营养素(蛋白质，碳水化合物,脂肪)和不同的饮食模式(例如，西式饮食，素食,地中海饮食）与GM的组成和活性相互作用，以及肠道细菌菌群失调如何影响代谢紊乱，比如肥胖，2型糖尿病,和高脂血症。
