目的:随着时间的推移,乳糜泻(CD)的临床表现发生了变化,有更多的患者出现非经典症状,肠外表现(EIM)或无症状。我们旨在调查导致成人患者CD诊断的主要症状/体征。作为次要终点,我们评估了无麸质饮食(GFD)后胃肠道(GI)症状的结局。
方法:纳入2022年9月至2024年2月到我们大学医院就诊的所有连续CD成年患者。临床资料进行回顾性评估。
结果:134名患者,104名女性/30名男性,诊断时的中位年龄35岁,包括在内。79例患者报告了胃肠道症状(即,腹泻,腹胀,消化不良)作为导致CD诊断的主要症状。在40名患者中,主要症状/体征是EIM(即,缺铁性贫血,不孕症/流产,皮炎,骨质疏松,转氨酶水平升高)。15例患者无症状,由于积极的家族史或伴随的自身免疫性甲状腺功能减退症而被诊断。79例报告有胃肠道症状的患者中,20没有经历GFD的完整分辨率。在报告严格坚持GFD的17例患者中(与1例依从性低的患者相比,2不合规),在2例和15例患者中诊断出乳糖不耐受和肠易激综合征重叠,分别。
结论:胃肠道表现仍然是CD表现的主要症状,然而,临床医生应了解CD的EIM及其与其他自身免疫性疾病的相关性.在无反应性CD患者中,可能会考虑与功能性疾病的重叠。
OBJECTIVE: The clinical presentation of celiac disease (CD) has changed over time with more patients presenting with non-classical symptoms, extra-intestinal manifestations (EIM) or no symptoms. We aimed to investigate the main symptoms/signs leading to the diagnosis of CD in adult patients. As secondary end-point, we evaluated the outcome of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following gluten-free diet (GFD).
METHODS: All consecutive CD adult patients referring to our University Hospital from September 2022 to February 2024 were included. Clinical data were retrospectively evaluated.
RESULTS: 134 patients, 104 females/30 males, median age at diagnosis 35 years, were included. 79 patients reported GI symptoms (i.e., diarrhea, abdominal bloating, dyspepsia) as the main symptom leading to CD diagnosis. In 40 patients, the leading symptom/sign was an EIM (i.e., iron deficiency anemia, infertility/miscarriages, dermatitis, osteoporosis, elevated transaminase levels). Fifteen patients were asymptomatic, being diagnosed because of a positive family history or concomitant autoimmune hypothyroidism. Of the 79 patients reporting GI symptoms, 20 did not experience complete resolution with the GFD. Among the 17 patients who reported a strict adherence to GFD (vs 1 patient with low-adherence, 2 non-compliant), lactose intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome overlap were diagnosed in 2 and 15 patients, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: GI manifestations remain the main symptoms at presentation of CD, however clinicians should be aware of the EIM of CD and the association with other autoimmune disorders. In non-responsive CD patients, an overlap with functional disorders might be considered.