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Abstract：
While it is the goal of academic institutions to train male and female resident physicians equally, gender-related implicit bias may play a role in resident training, thus impacting the quality and fairness of education. Implicit bias may be one of the reasons for the discrepancies that exist in resident training, specifically in learning style, evaluations by faculty members, and treatment of female residents by other clinicians. Patterns of systemic gender-related implicit bias, we argue, remain pervasive in the healthcare system and affect medical education. This review identifies areas of surgical education that are susceptible to gender-related bias and provides recommendations to safeguard gender equity in resident education. We believe behavioral change can help maintain an inclusive learning environment. Using evidence from existing data, we generated guidelines to provide surgical educators in academic centers with information to further understanding of, training in, and steps toward overcoming gender-related implicit bias in resident education. Our guidelines include specific recommendations for educators to require training modules, remove bias from teaching resources, use formal introductory titles, maintain comparable evaluations, encourage women in surgery, adjust instructional methods, and caution self-reporting.
摘要：
虽然学术机构的目标是平等培训男性和女性住院医师，与性别相关的内隐偏见可能在住院医师培训中发挥作用，从而影响教育的质量和公平。隐性偏见可能是住院医师培训中存在差异的原因之一，特别是在学习风格上，教师的评估，以及其他临床医生对女性居民的治疗。系统性性别相关内隐偏见的模式，我们争论，在医疗保健系统中仍然普遍存在，并影响医学教育。这篇评论确定了容易受到性别相关偏见影响的外科教育领域，并提供了保护居民教育中性别平等的建议。我们相信行为改变可以帮助维持一个包容性的学习环境。利用现有数据的证据，我们制定了指导方针，为学术中心的外科教育工作者提供信息，以进一步了解，训练,以及克服居民教育中与性别相关的内隐偏见的步骤。我们的指导方针包括教育工作者需要培训模块的具体建议，消除教学资源中的偏见，使用正式的介绍性标题，保持可比的评价，鼓励女性做手术，调整教学方法，并谨慎自我报告。
