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Abstract：
Behavioral and emotional outcomes for babies who experienced maternal separation due to prematurity or birth defects have not improved significantly for the last 20 years. Current theories and treatment paradigms based on neuroscience have not generated explanatory mechanisms that work, or provided testable hypotheses. This article proposes a new field of scientific investigation, \"nurturescience\" within which new hypotheses can be tested with novel instruments. Key distinctions between neuroscience and nurturescience are described. Our definition of nurturescience is based on the basic needs of all newborns and of the needs of mothers and their families. This understanding is drawn from biology, anthropology, sociology, physiological, and clinical research. Mechanisms are described from studies on microbiota, epigenetics, allostasis, brain imaging, and developmental origins of health and adult disease. The converging message from these and other fields is that the mother-infant dyad should not be separated. Ongoing emotional connection is the cornerstone of development, leading to life-long resilience. This has implications for making the correct diagnosis (emotional disconnection vs. attachment disorder), providing the appropriate care (infant and family centered developmental care) in the biologically expected place (skin-to-skin contact), and potential for rehabilitation (calming cycle theory). Nurturescience has particular relevance to the care of \"small and sick\" infants, with profound potential for decreasing the \"likelihood of developing developmental problems.\"
摘要：
在过去的20年中，由于早产或出生缺陷而经历母亲分离的婴儿的行为和情感结果没有显着改善。基于神经科学的当前理论和治疗范式尚未产生起作用的解释性机制，或提供可检验的假设。本文提出了一个新的科学调查领域，“培育科学”，在其中可以用新颖的工具测试新的假设。描述了神经科学与养育学之间的主要区别。我们对养育知识的定义是基于所有新生儿的基本需求以及母亲及其家庭的需求。这种理解来自生物学，人类学,社会学,生理,和临床研究。从微生物群的研究中描述了机制，表观遗传学,同种异体，脑成像,健康和成人疾病的发育起源。来自这些和其他字段的融合信息是母婴二元不应该分开。持续的情感联系是发展的基石，导致终身复原力。这对做出正确的诊断有影响(情绪断开与依恋障碍)，在生物学预期的地方（皮肤与皮肤接触）提供适当的护理（以婴儿和家庭为中心的发育护理），和康复潜力(平静周期理论)。护理科学与“小病”婴儿的护理特别相关，具有降低发展问题的可能性的巨大潜力。\"
