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Abstract：
Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) andersoni n. sp. (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) collected in the intestine of the humphead cichlid Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia) from the Pantanal wetlands, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) is described and genetically characterized. The new species differs from its congeners mainly by having a conspicuous papilla-like formation slightly anterior to the cloacal aperture. Furthermore, males of R. (S.) lanfrediae and R. (S.) mahnerti have caudal alae, and R. (S.) hypostomi and R. (S.) pimelodi lack lateral alae, whereas in the new species caudal alae are absent and lateral alae present. The remaining congeners, namely, R. (S.) marano and R. (S.) saltaensis differ from Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) andersoni n. sp. mainly because males have three pairs of postcloacal papillae (vs five pairs). In the phylogenetic reconstructions, using three nuclear genetic markers (18S, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rDNA) and one mitochondrial (cox1 mtDNA), the new species was separated from other representatives of Raphidascarididae, and the absence of monophyly in Hysterothylacium and Raphidascaroides was confirmed. Moreover, the subgenera Sprentascaris and Ichthyascaris appeared to be monophyletic. Therefore, even though Raphidascaris (Raphidascaris) was apparently not monophyletic, the subgenera of Raphidascaris should be re-erected as valid genera. The updated diagnoses of Ichthyascaris, Raphidascaris and Sprentascaris are given. The present study represents the first parasitological survey in G. balzanii.
摘要：
Raphidascaris(Sprentascaris)andersonin.sp.（Nematoda：Raphidascaridae）从潘塔纳尔湿地收集在驼背丽鱼科鱼（佩鲁贾）的肠道中，描述了南马托格罗索州（巴西）并进行了遗传表征。新物种与其同类物的不同之处主要在于在泄殖腔孔的前方有明显的乳头状形成。此外，R.(S.)lanfrediae和R.(S.)马纳蒂有尾翼，和R.(S.)造口术和R.(S.)pimelodi缺乏侧翼，而在新物种中，尾alae不存在，而侧面alae存在。其余的同类，即,R.(S.)马拉诺和R.(S.）saltaensis不同于Raphidascaris（Sprentascaris）andersonin.sp。主要是因为男性有三对泄殖腔后乳头（vs五对）。在系统发育重建中，使用三个核遗传标记(18S，ITS1-5.8S-ITS2和28SrDNA）和一个线粒体（cox1mtDNA），该新物种与Raphidaskaridae的其他代表分开，并证实了赤霉病和Raphidascaroides中不存在单生。此外，Sprentascaris和鱼鱼亚属似乎是单系的。因此,即使Raphidascaris（Raphidascaris）显然不是单系的，Raphidascaris的亚属应重新建立为有效属。鱼肝虫的最新诊断，给予Raphidascaris和Sprentascaris。本研究代表了巴尔扎尼的首次寄生虫学调查。
