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Abstract：
A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by \"anchovies or sardines\" (15.1%), generic \"raw seafood\" (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought.
摘要：
自1996年首次描述以来，通过进行文献检索，对意大利的人类anisakiasis进行了回顾性分析。应用基于幼虫的存在和寄生虫鉴定的纳入标准。分析了流行病学数据和临床特征。特别注意感染源。总的来说,73例纳入分析，34人被排除在外。报告的病例来自意大利八个地区，最常见的是Abruzzo,普利亚和拉提姆.通过内窥镜检查（51.4％）或剖腹手术（48.6％）检测到寄生虫。感染部位为肠道（42.5%），胃（43.8％），食管（1.4%）或异位（12.3%）。大多数寄生虫（71.0％）被鉴定为Anisakissp。或A.单纯形(s.l.)。然而,当使用分子方法时（21例），A.pegreffii总是被识别出来。在大多数患者（65.7%）中，感染源是生的或未煮熟的凤尾鱼，其次是“凤尾鱼或沙丁鱼”(15.1%)，通用“生海鲜”(15.1%)，和沙丁鱼(百分之一点四)。只有2例（2.7%）源不可用。这是对意大利anisakiasis病例的首次系统分析。从结果得出的主要结论是：i)应该注意历史，特别是当生腌制的凤尾鱼时，被证明是意大利人类茴香病的主要来源，被消耗；ii)为了评估正确的流行病学数据，应始终寻求经证实和具体的病因鉴定.
