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Abstract：
Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is an important bacterial pathogen. However, its antibiotic susceptibility patterns in different areas are difficult to compare because of the use of different methods and judgement criteria. This study aimed to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and β-lactamase activity characteristics of M. catarrhalis isolates collected from two county hospitals in China, and to express the results with reference to three commonly used judgement criteria.
Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from child inpatients with respiratory tract infections at the People\'s Hospital of Zhongjiang County and Youyang County from January to December 2015. M. catarrhalis strains were isolated and identified from the swabs, and susceptibility against 11 antimicrobials was determined using the E-test method or disc diffusion. Test results were interpreted with reference to the standards of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC). Detection of β-lactamase activity was determined by the chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin. M. catarrhalis yield rates were 7.12 and 9.58% (Zhongjiang County, 77/1082 cases; Youyang County, 101/1054 cases, respectively). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The susceptibility rate to meropenem was 100% according to EUCAST; no breakpoints were listed in CLSI or BSAC. The non-susceptibility rate to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim differed significantly between the two hospitals regardless of the judgemnet criteria used, with isolates from Zhongjiang showing higher susceptibility to those from Youyang (Fisher\'s exact test, P < 0.05). According to CLSI, the total non-susceptibility rate to erythromycin was 70.8% (Zhongjiang County, 79.2%; Youyang County, 64.3%), and the rate reached 92.1% (Zhongjiang County, 90.9%; Youyang County, 93.1%) on the basis of EUCAST or BSAC. The total positive rate of β-lactamase was 99.4% (177/178 cases) (Zhongjiang County, 100%, 77/77 cases; Youyang County, 99.0%, 100/101 cases).
Ninety nine percent of M. catarrhalis isolates produce β-lactamase. The isolates showed poor susceptibility to ampicillin and erythromycin, and high susceptibility to the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin-clavulanic. Significant discrepancies between different antimicrobial susceptibility judgemnet criteria were noted.
Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from child inpatients with respiratory tract infections at the People\'s Hospital of Zhongjiang County and Youyang County from January to December 2015. M. catarrhalis strains were isolated and identified from the swabs, and susceptibility against 11 antimicrobials was determined using the E-test method or disc diffusion. Test results were interpreted with reference to the standards of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC). Detection of β-lactamase activity was determined by the chromogenic cephalosporin nitrocefin. M. catarrhalis yield rates were 7.12 and 9.58% (Zhongjiang County, 77/1082 cases; Youyang County, 101/1054 cases, respectively). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The susceptibility rate to meropenem was 100% according to EUCAST; no breakpoints were listed in CLSI or BSAC. The non-susceptibility rate to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim differed significantly between the two hospitals regardless of the judgemnet criteria used, with isolates from Zhongjiang showing higher susceptibility to those from Youyang (Fisher\'s exact test, P < 0.05). According to CLSI, the total non-susceptibility rate to erythromycin was 70.8% (Zhongjiang County, 79.2%; Youyang County, 64.3%), and the rate reached 92.1% (Zhongjiang County, 90.9%; Youyang County, 93.1%) on the basis of EUCAST or BSAC. The total positive rate of β-lactamase was 99.4% (177/178 cases) (Zhongjiang County, 100%, 77/77 cases; Youyang County, 99.0%, 100/101 cases).
Ninety nine percent of M. catarrhalis isolates produce β-lactamase. The isolates showed poor susceptibility to ampicillin and erythromycin, and high susceptibility to the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin-clavulanic. Significant discrepancies between different antimicrobial susceptibility judgemnet criteria were noted.
摘要：
卡他莫拉菌（M.粘膜炎）是一种重要的细菌病原体。然而,由于使用不同的方法和判断标准，其在不同地区的抗生素敏感性模式很难比较。本研究旨在确定从中国两家县级医院收集的卡他莫拉菌的抗菌药物敏感性和β-内酰胺酶活性特征。并参考三个常用的判断标准来表达结果。
鼻咽拭子取自2015年1-12月在中江县人民医院和佑阳县住院的儿童呼吸道感染患者。从拭子中分离并鉴定了粘膜炎莫拉菌菌株，使用E-test方法或圆盘扩散确定对11种抗菌药物的敏感性。参照欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会（EUCAST）的标准解释试验结果，临床和实验室标准研究所（CLSI），和英国抗菌药物治疗学会（BSAC）。β-内酰胺酶活性的检测是通过显色头孢菌素硝塞芬测定的。粘附分子的产量分别为7.12和9.58%(中江县，77/1082例；阜阳县，101/1054例，分别)。所有分离株均对阿莫西林-克拉维酸敏感。根据EUCAST，对美罗培南的敏感性为100％；CLSI或BSAC中未列出断点。无论使用何种判断标准，两家医院对磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶的不敏感率都存在显着差异，来自中江的分离株对来自悠阳的分离株显示出更高的敏感性(费舍尔精确检验，P<0.05)。根据CLSI,对红霉素的总不敏感率为70.8%(中江县，79.2%;阜阳县,64.3%），率达到92.1%(中江县，90.9%;阜阳县,93.1％）在EUCAST或BSAC的基础上。β-内酰胺酶总阳性率为99.4%(177/178例)(中江县,100%,77/77例；阜阳县，99.0%,100/101例）。
99%的粘膜炎莫拉菌分离物产生β-内酰胺酶。分离株对氨苄西林和红霉素的敏感性差,以及对第三代和第四代头孢菌素和阿莫西林克拉维酸的高度敏感性。注意到不同抗菌药物敏感性判断标准之间存在显着差异。
鼻咽拭子取自2015年1-12月在中江县人民医院和佑阳县住院的儿童呼吸道感染患者。从拭子中分离并鉴定了粘膜炎莫拉菌菌株，使用E-test方法或圆盘扩散确定对11种抗菌药物的敏感性。参照欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会（EUCAST）的标准解释试验结果，临床和实验室标准研究所（CLSI），和英国抗菌药物治疗学会（BSAC）。β-内酰胺酶活性的检测是通过显色头孢菌素硝塞芬测定的。粘附分子的产量分别为7.12和9.58%(中江县，77/1082例；阜阳县，101/1054例，分别)。所有分离株均对阿莫西林-克拉维酸敏感。根据EUCAST，对美罗培南的敏感性为100％；CLSI或BSAC中未列出断点。无论使用何种判断标准，两家医院对磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶的不敏感率都存在显着差异，来自中江的分离株对来自悠阳的分离株显示出更高的敏感性(费舍尔精确检验，P<0.05)。根据CLSI,对红霉素的总不敏感率为70.8%(中江县，79.2%;阜阳县,64.3%），率达到92.1%(中江县，90.9%;阜阳县,93.1％）在EUCAST或BSAC的基础上。β-内酰胺酶总阳性率为99.4%(177/178例)(中江县,100%,77/77例；阜阳县，99.0%,100/101例）。
99%的粘膜炎莫拉菌分离物产生β-内酰胺酶。分离株对氨苄西林和红霉素的敏感性差,以及对第三代和第四代头孢菌素和阿莫西林克拉维酸的高度敏感性。注意到不同抗菌药物敏感性判断标准之间存在显着差异。
