METHODS: It is important to make a correct differential diagnosis, because there are many conditions described with this association. A review is presented of strabismus associated with myopia, together with its treatment adjusted to refractive error.
RESULTS: Measurements of strabismus may be altered by the prismatic effect of the spectacles. Surgical results may be unpredictable if myopia is not taken into account. Better results were obtained with the techniques of anatomical replacement described by Yokoyama than with traditional retro-insertion-resection.
CONCLUSIONS: For the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of strabismus, it is important to make a correct measurement of the angle of deviation, and perform image tests prior to surgery in certain cases. The anatomical characteristics of the myopic eye should also be taken into account during surgery.