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Abstract：
Ubiquitination plays a central role in the regulation of various biological functions including immune responses. Ubiquitination is induced by a cascade of enzymatic reactions by E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and E3 ubiquitin ligase, and reversed by deubiquitinases. Depending on the enzymes, specific linkage types of ubiquitin chains are generated or hydrolyzed. Because different linkage types of ubiquitin chains control the fate of the substrate, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitin enzymes is central. In this review, we highlight the most recent knowledge of ubiquitination in the immune signaling cascades including the T cell and B cell signaling cascades as well as the TNF signaling cascade regulated by various ubiquitin enzymes. Furthermore, we highlight the TRIM ubiquitin ligase family as one of the examples of critical E3 ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of immune responses.
摘要：
泛素化在调节包括免疫反应在内的各种生物学功能中起着核心作用。泛素化通过E1泛素激活酶的级联酶反应诱导，E2泛素结合酶，和E3泛素连接酶，并被去泛素酶逆转。取决于酶，泛素链的特定连接类型产生或水解。因为泛素链的不同连接类型控制着底物的命运，了解泛素酶的调节机制是核心。在这次审查中,我们重点介绍了免疫信号级联中泛素化的最新知识,包括T细胞和B细胞信号级联以及由各种泛素酶调节的TNF信号级联.此外，我们强调TRIM泛素连接酶家族是调节免疫反应的关键E3泛素连接酶的例子之一.
