Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Scleroderma is a rare disease of the connective tissue (50 to 200 patients/1 million people; 60,000 patients in France). We conducted a literature review about the orofacial manifestations of scleroderma that have been little studied.
METHODS: The 45 articles found in 6 different databases by using the keywords \"scleroderma\", \"systemic sclerosis\", \"oral medicine\", \"face\" and published between 1944 and 2016 were selected, for a total of 328 patients.
RESULTS: A total of 1187 orofacial manifestations of scleroderma were identified, occurring mainly in women (84.5%) with a mean age of 40.2 years, 10 years on average after the first manifestation of the disease. The main ones were limitation of mouth opening (69.8%), widening of the periodontal ligament (67.3%), xerostomia (63.4%), telangiectasia (36.2%) and bone lesions (34.5%). Dental root resorptions, pulp and nose calcifications were also reported but with no evident link with scleroderma.
CONCLUSIONS: Orofacial manifestations of scleroderma are probably more common than reported. They mostly affect women with a mean age of 40. The most common oral manifestations are limitation of mouth opening, widening of the periodontal ligament and xerostomia. Because of the handicap they may be responsible for, these manifestations must be detected early in order to prevent from functional impairments and from dental and periodontal lesions.
METHODS: The 45 articles found in 6 different databases by using the keywords \"scleroderma\", \"systemic sclerosis\", \"oral medicine\", \"face\" and published between 1944 and 2016 were selected, for a total of 328 patients.
RESULTS: A total of 1187 orofacial manifestations of scleroderma were identified, occurring mainly in women (84.5%) with a mean age of 40.2 years, 10 years on average after the first manifestation of the disease. The main ones were limitation of mouth opening (69.8%), widening of the periodontal ligament (67.3%), xerostomia (63.4%), telangiectasia (36.2%) and bone lesions (34.5%). Dental root resorptions, pulp and nose calcifications were also reported but with no evident link with scleroderma.
CONCLUSIONS: Orofacial manifestations of scleroderma are probably more common than reported. They mostly affect women with a mean age of 40. The most common oral manifestations are limitation of mouth opening, widening of the periodontal ligament and xerostomia. Because of the handicap they may be responsible for, these manifestations must be detected early in order to prevent from functional impairments and from dental and periodontal lesions.
摘要：
背景：硬皮病是一种罕见的结缔组织疾病（50至200名患者/100万人；法国有60,000名患者）。我们对很少研究的硬皮病的口面部表现进行了文献综述。
方法：使用关键字“硬皮病”在6个不同数据库中找到的45篇文章，“系统性硬化症”，“口服药物”，选择了1944年至2016年之间出版的“面孔”，共328名患者。
结果：共发现1187例硬皮病的口面部表现，主要发生在女性（84.5％），平均年龄为40.2岁，疾病首次出现后平均10年。主要是张口受限(69.8%)，牙周膜增宽（67.3%），口干症(63.4%)，毛细血管扩张症（36.2%）和骨病变（34.5%）。牙根吸收，还报告了牙髓和鼻子钙化，但与硬皮病没有明显联系。
结论：硬皮病的面部表现可能比报道的更常见。它们主要影响平均年龄为40岁的女性。最常见的口腔表现是张口受限，牙周膜增宽和口干症。因为他们可能要负责的障碍，这些表现必须及早发现，以防止功能损害以及牙齿和牙周病变。
方法：使用关键字“硬皮病”在6个不同数据库中找到的45篇文章，“系统性硬化症”，“口服药物”，选择了1944年至2016年之间出版的“面孔”，共328名患者。
结果：共发现1187例硬皮病的口面部表现，主要发生在女性（84.5％），平均年龄为40.2岁，疾病首次出现后平均10年。主要是张口受限(69.8%)，牙周膜增宽（67.3%），口干症(63.4%)，毛细血管扩张症（36.2%）和骨病变（34.5%）。牙根吸收，还报告了牙髓和鼻子钙化，但与硬皮病没有明显联系。
结论：硬皮病的面部表现可能比报道的更常见。它们主要影响平均年龄为40岁的女性。最常见的口腔表现是张口受限，牙周膜增宽和口干症。因为他们可能要负责的障碍，这些表现必须及早发现，以防止功能损害以及牙齿和牙周病变。
