Abstract：
The physiological regulation of vascular function is essential for cardiovascular health and depends on adequate control of molecular mechanisms triggered by endothelial cells in response to mechanical and chemical stimuli induced by blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, where an imbalance between synthesis of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor molecules is one of its main mechanisms. In this context, the shear stress is one of the most important mechanical stimuli to improve vascular function, due to endothelial mechanotransduction, triggered by stimulation of various endothelial mechanosensors, induce signaling pathways culminating in increased bioavailability of vasodilators molecules such as nitric oxide, that finally trigger the angiogenic mechanisms. These mechanisms allow providing the physiological basis for the effects of exercise on vascular health. In this review it is discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in the vascular response induced by shear stress and its impact in reversing vascular injury associated with the most prevalent cardiovascular disease in our population.
摘要：
血管功能的生理调节对于心血管健康至关重要，并且取决于对内皮细胞响应血流诱导的机械和化学刺激而触发的分子机制的充分控制。内皮功能障碍是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一,其中血管扩张剂和血管收缩剂分子合成之间的不平衡是其主要机制之一。在这种情况下，剪切应力是改善血管功能的重要机械刺激,由于内皮机械传导，由各种内皮机械传感器的刺激触发，诱导信号通路，最终增加血管扩张剂分子如一氧化氮的生物利用度，最终触发血管生成机制。这些机制允许为运动对血管健康的影响提供生理基础。在这篇综述中，讨论了剪切应力诱导的血管反应中涉及的分子机制及其在逆转与我们人群中最普遍的心血管疾病相关的血管损伤中的影响。
