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Abstract：
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is influenced by early life adversity; however, less is known about the potential for recovery following marked improvements in care. The present study examined longitudinal changes in children\'s cortisol reactivity in the laboratory (4 assessments over 2 years) after adoption. Post-institutionalized (N=65) and post-foster care children (N=49) demonstrated blunted reactivity relative to non-adopted peers (N=53). Furthermore, post-institutionalized children exhibited no evidence of expected adaptation to repeated sessions in the 2 years following adoption. As evidenced by blunted cortisol reactivity, flatter diurnal slope, and lower home morning cortisol, we found support for hypocortisolism among children experiencing adverse early care. Hypocortisolism served as a mediator between adversity and teacher-reported attention and externalizing problems during kindergarten. Early adversity appears to contribute to the down-regulation of the HPA axis under both basal and stress conditions.
摘要：
下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴受早期生活逆境的影响；然而，对护理明显改善后恢复的潜力知之甚少。本研究检查了儿童皮质醇反应性的纵向变化在实验室中（4次评估超过2年）。相对于未收养的同龄人（N=53），住院后（N=65）和寄养后的儿童（N=49）表现出迟钝的反应性。此外，收容后的儿童在收养后的2年内没有表现出预期适应重复治疗的证据。皮质醇反应性减弱证明了这一点,更平坦的昼夜坡度，降低家庭早晨的皮质醇，我们在早期护理不良的儿童中发现了对皮质醇减少的支持.皮质醇减少是逆境与幼儿园期间老师报告的注意力和外化问题之间的中介。早期逆境似乎有助于在基础和胁迫条件下HPA轴的下调。
