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Abstract：
The Esophageal Cancer Related Gene 4 (ECRG4) is a highly conserved tumour suppressor gene encoding various peptides (augurin, CΔ16 augurin, ecilin, argilin, CΔ16 argilin) which can be processed and secreted. In the present work, we examined ECRG4 expression and location in a wide range of rat organs and reviewed the available literature. ECRG4 mRNA was identified in all examined tissues by quantitative PCR (qPCR). ECRG4 immunoreaction was mainly cytoplasmic, and was detected in heart and skeletal muscles, smooth muscle cells showing only weak reactions. In the digestive system, ECRG4 immunostaining was stronger in the esophageal epithelium, bases of gastric glands, hepatocytes and pancreatic acinar epithelium. In the lymphatic system, immunoreactive cells were detectable in the thymus cortex, lymph node medulla and splenic red pulp. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, different neuronal groups showed different reaction intensities. In the endocrine system, ECRG4 immunoreaction was detected in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, hypophysis, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal zona glomerularis and medulla and Leydig cells, as well as in follicular and luteal cells of the ovary. In the literature, ECRG4 has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation and increase apoptosis in various cell types. It is down-regulated, frequently due to hypermethylation, in esophageal, prostate, breast and colon cancers, together with glioma (oncosuppressor function), although it is up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer (oncogenic role). ECRG4 expression is also higher in non-proliferating cells of the lymphatic system. In conclusion, our identification of ECRG4 in many structures suggests the involvement of ECRG4 in the tumorigenesis of other organs and also the need for further research. In addition, on the basis of the location of ECRG4 in neurons and endocrine cells and the fact that it can be secreted, its role as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor must be examined in depth in the future.
摘要：
食管癌相关基因4（ECRG4）是一种高度保守的肿瘤抑制基因，编码各种肽（augurin，丙16奥古林，eclin,argilin,CΔ16精氨酸）可以加工和分泌。在目前的工作中,我们检测了ECRG4在多种大鼠器官中的表达和定位,并回顾了现有文献.通过定量PCR(qPCR)在所有检查的组织中鉴定ECRG4mRNA。ECRG4免疫反应主要是细胞质，在心脏和骨骼肌中检测到，平滑肌细胞只表现出微弱的反应。在消化系统中,ECRG4免疫染色在食管上皮更强，胃腺的基部，肝细胞和胰腺腺泡上皮。在淋巴系统中，在胸腺皮质中检测到免疫反应性细胞，淋巴结髓质和脾红髓。在中枢和周围神经系统，不同神经元组表现出不同的反应强度。在内分泌系统中,在下丘脑室旁核和视上核中检测到ECRG4免疫反应，垂体,甲状腺和甲状旁腺，肾上腺肾小球带和髓质和Leydig细胞，以及卵巢的卵泡和黄体细胞。在文学中,已经报道ECRG4在各种细胞类型中抑制细胞增殖并增加细胞凋亡。它被下调了，经常由于过度甲基化，在食道，前列腺,乳腺癌和结肠癌，连同神经胶质瘤（抑癌功能），尽管它在甲状腺乳头状癌中上调（致癌作用）。ECRG4表达在淋巴系统的非增殖细胞中也较高。总之,我们在许多结构中鉴定了ECRG4,提示ECRG4参与了其他器官的肿瘤发生,也需要进一步研究.此外,根据ECRG4在神经元和内分泌细胞中的位置以及它可以分泌的事实，未来必须深入研究其作为神经递质/神经调质和内分泌因子的作用。
