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Abstract：
This paper examines how scientific literature and policy documents frame the ecosystem concept and how these frames have shaped scientific dialogue and policy making over time. This was achieved by developing a frame typology, as a basis for organizing relevant value expressions, to assess how different frames have altered perspectives of the ecosystem concept. The frame typology and analysis is based on a semi-grounded and longitudinal document analysis of scientific literature and policy documents using the ecosystem concept. Despite changing discourses and public priorities (e.g., cultural constructs of biodiversity) both science and policy documents are characterized by stable value systems that have not changed substantially since the 1930s. These value systems were defined based on ethical principles that delineate 6 core frames: humans first, dual systems, eco-science, eco-holism, animals first, and multicentrism. Specific crises (e.g., climate change) and cross-disciplinary uptake and re-uptake of, for example, the ecosystem services concept, have brought new perspectives to the forefront of public discourse. These developments triggered changes in the core frames that, rather than being value based, are based on how the ecosystem is conceptualized under fixed value systems and over time. Fourteen subframes were developed to reflect these longitudinal changes. There are as such clear framing effects in both scientific literature and in policy. Ecosystem research is for instance often characterized by unstated value judgments even though the scientific community does not make these explicit. In contrast, policy documents are characterized by clear value expressions but are principally management driven and human centered.
摘要：
本文研究了科学文献和政策文件如何构建生态系统概念，以及这些框架如何随着时间的推移塑造了科学对话和政策制定。这是通过开发框架类型学来实现的，作为组织相关价值表达的基础，评估不同的框架如何改变生态系统概念的观点。框架类型和分析基于使用生态系统概念对科学文献和政策文件的半扎根和纵向文件分析。尽管话语和公共优先事项发生了变化(例如，生物多样性的文化建构）科学和政策文件的特点是稳定的价值体系，自1930年代以来没有实质性变化。这些价值体系是根据伦理原则定义的，这些伦理原则描绘了6个核心框架：人类第一，双系统，生态科学,生态整体论，首先是动物,和多中心主义。具体危机(例如，气候变化)和跨学科的吸收和再吸收，例如,生态系统服务概念，为公共话语的前沿带来了新的视角。这些发展引发了核心框架的变化，而不是以价值为基础，基于生态系统在固定价值体系下和随着时间的推移如何概念化。开发了14个子帧来反映这些纵向变化。在科学文献和政策中都有如此明确的框架效应。例如，生态系统研究通常以未陈述的价值判断为特征，即使科学界没有将其明确。相比之下,政策文件的特点是明确的价值表达，但主要是管理驱动和以人为本。
