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Abstract：
The first 2 years of life are essential to visual development. The ophthalmological examination of a baby is different from that of an adult, in terms of both methodology and clinical signs. The specifics of examination at this age require a rigorous history taking as a first step: personal and family medical history, first sign of the disease and its progression. Cycloplegic refraction and fundus exam are both critical regardless of the reason for consultation. In addition, fundus exam must be performed at the first visit in cases of strabismus, nystagmus, or abnormal visual function, in order to rule out underlying retinoblastoma. Gross inspection of the patient can offer much information: malformations, visual behavior, oculomotor abnormalities. Quantification of vision and refraction is age-specific. It cannot be based solely on visual behavior, it cannot be just an approximation, and it often needs to be repeated. Lastly, examination of the anterior and posterior segments may require specialized equipment, special techniques, and may reveal pathology specific to the infant. Throughout the examination, patience and gentleness help greatly to insure a reliable diagnosis.
摘要：
生命的头两年对视觉发展至关重要。婴儿的眼科检查与成人的眼科检查不同，在方法学和临床体征方面。这个年龄段的检查细节需要严格的病史作为第一步：个人和家族病史，疾病及其进展的第一个迹象。无论出于何种原因进行咨询，膀胱麻痹屈光和眼底检查都至关重要。此外,在斜视的情况下，必须在第一次就诊时进行眼底检查，眼球震颤,或者视觉功能异常，以排除潜在的视网膜母细胞瘤.对病人的全面检查可以提供很多信息：畸形，视觉行为,动眼异常。视力和屈光的量化是年龄特异性的。它不能仅仅基于视觉行为，它不能只是一个近似，它经常需要重复。最后,检查前段和后段可能需要专门的设备，特殊技术,并可能揭示婴儿特有的病理。在整个考试过程中,耐心和温柔大大有助于确保可靠的诊断。
