OBJECTIVE: The present paper reviewed the traditional uses, propagation, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and quality control of Polyporus umbellatus.
METHODS: All the available information on Polyporus umbellatus was collected via a library and electronic search (using Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Splinker, Google Scholar, etc.).
RESULTS: Phytochemical studies showed the presence of many valuable secondary metabolites such as steroids, polysaccharides, anthraquinones and nucleosides. Crude extracts and isolated compounds showed a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities including diuretic, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, immuno-enhancing, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the ergosterol and ergone had a high distribution and absorption in the plasma and the two main components of Polyporus umbellatus were mainly excreted by faeces. The determination of multiple chemical components was successfully applied to the quality control of Polyporus umbellatus.
CONCLUSIONS: Modern phytochemical, pharmacological and metabonomic investigations showed that the crude extracts and isolated compounds from Polyporus umbellatus possess many kinds of biological functions, especially in the diuretic activities and the treatment of kidney diseases as well as anti-cancer, immuno-enhancing and hepatoprotective activities. The pathways of the distribution, absorption, metabolism and excretion of main steroidal compounds were clarified by pharmacokinetic studies. Most of the pharmacological studies were conducted using crude and poorly characterized extracts of Polyporus umbellatus in animals especially in case of diuretic activities and the treatment of kidney diseases. Thus, more bioactive components especially diuretic compounds should be identified using bioactivity-guided isolation strategies and the possible mechanism of action as well as potential synergistic or antagonistic effects of multi-component mixtures derived from Polyporus umbellatus need to be evaluated integrating pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, bioavailability-centered and physiological approaches. In addition, more experiments including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies should be encouraged to identify any side effects or toxicity. These achievements will further expand the existing therapeutic potential of Polyporus umbellatus and provide a beneficial support to its future further clinical use in modern medicine.
目的:本文回顾了传统用途,传播,植物化学,药理学,猪苓的药代动力学和质量控制。
方法:通过图书馆和电子搜索(使用WebofScience,Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Splinker,谷歌学者,等。).
结果:植物化学研究表明存在许多有价值的次生代谢产物,如类固醇,多糖,蒽醌和核苷。粗提物和分离的化合物显示出广泛的药理活性,包括利尿剂,肾保护,抗癌,免疫增强,保肝,抗炎和抗氧化活性。药代动力学研究表明,麦角甾醇和ergone在血浆中具有较高的分布和吸收,并且猪苓的两个主要成分主要由粪便排泄。多种化学成分的测定已成功应用于猪苓的质量控制。
结论:现代植物化学,药理和代谢组学研究表明,猪苓的粗提物和分离化合物具有多种生物学功能,特别是在利尿活动和肾脏疾病的治疗以及抗癌方面,免疫增强和肝保护活性。分布的途径,吸收,通过药代动力学研究阐明了主要甾体化合物的代谢和排泄。大多数药理学研究是使用动物中的原始和表征不佳的Polyporusumbellatus提取物进行的,特别是在利尿活性和肾脏疾病治疗的情况下。因此,更多的生物活性成分,特别是利尿剂化合物应使用生物活性指导的分离策略和可能的作用机制,以及潜在的协同或拮抗作用的多组分混合物从猪苓需要进行评估整合药理学,药代动力学,生物利用度为中心和生理学方法。此外,更多的实验,包括体外实验,应鼓励进行体内和临床研究,以确定任何副作用或毒性。这些成就将进一步扩大猪苓的现有治疗潜力,并为其未来在现代医学中的进一步临床应用提供有益的支持。