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Abstract：
In vitro techniques for investigating the toxic effects of environmental contaminants (EC) on fish spermatozoa motility kinetics and fertilizing ability are valuable tools to understand toxicity mechanisms and sites of action. In vitro techniques may also be well-suited to studies of endocrine disruption in male fertility in vivo. This review shows ECs to decrease or suppress spermatozoa motility kinetics and fertilizing ability in a dose-dependent manner, with toxic concentrations being much higher than those reported in the aquatic environment. Sites of action depend on EC concentration and duration of exposure. Both instant (immediate) and incubated exposure of spermatozoa to ECs results in damage to the plasma membrane and the axoneme, while disruption of energy metabolism appears only during incubated exposure. Spermatozoa lose fertilizing ability following exposure to ECs in vitro, not only due to inhibition or suppression of the initiation of motility, but also through damage to DNA. This review highlights the significant lack of information about disruption of spermatozoa function associated with exposure to water from polluted areas as well as combined effects of ECs. Specifics of alterations in intracellular signaling cascades involved in the initiation of spermatozoa motility following exposure to sublethal concentrations of ECs remain unknown. Further studies are also needed to elucidate in vitro EC effects during spermatozoa maturation, when spermatozoa acquire the potential for motility.
摘要：
用于研究环境污染物（EC）对鱼类精子运动动力学和受精能力的毒性作用的体外技术是了解毒性机制和作用位点的有价值的工具。体外技术也可能非常适合研究体内男性生育力中的内分泌干扰。这篇综述显示ECs以剂量依赖的方式降低或抑制精子运动动力学和受精能力，毒性浓度远高于水生环境中的毒性浓度。作用部位取决于EC浓度和暴露持续时间。精子即时（立即）和孵育暴露于EC都会导致质膜和轴突受损，而能量代谢的破坏仅在孵育暴露期间出现。精子在体外暴露于EC后失去受精能力，不仅由于抑制或抑制了运动的启动，还有DNA的损伤.这篇综述强调了与暴露于污染地区的水以及EC的综合影响有关的精子功能破坏的信息的严重缺乏。暴露于亚致死浓度的EC后，与精子运动启动有关的细胞内信号传导级联改变的细节仍然未知。还需要进一步的研究来阐明精子成熟过程中的体外EC效应，当精子获得运动性的潜力时。
