患有唐氏综合症(DS)的儿童处于睡眠呼吸障碍(SDB)的高风险中。美国儿科学会建议在4岁之前患有DS的儿童进行多导睡眠图(PSG)。这项回顾性研究检查了SDB的频率,气体交换异常,合并症,2015-2021年西雅图儿童医院2-4岁DS患儿的手术治疗。共有153名儿童接受了PSG,75人符合纳入标准。平均年龄为3.03岁(SD0.805),56%为男性,54.7%是白种人。包括合并症(n,%):心脏(43,57.3%),吞咽困难或误吸(24,32.0%),早产(17,22.7%),肺(16,21.3%),免疫功能障碍(2,2.7%),和甲状腺功能减退症(23,30.7%)。包括收集的PSG参数数据(平均值,SD):阻塞性AHI(7.9,9.4)和中央AHI(2.4,2.4)。总的来说,94.7%符合儿童OSA的标准,9.5%符合中枢性呼吸暂停的标准,9.5%符合通气不足的标准。只有一个孩子符合低氧血症的标准。总的来说,60%有手术干预,其中88.9%为腺扁桃体切除术。不同年龄OSA发生频率差异无统计学意义。2-4岁的DS儿童发生OSA的频率很高。最常见的合并症是心脏和吞咽功能障碍。在那些有OSA的人中,超过一半的人接受了手术干预,随着阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数的改善,总呼吸暂停低通气指数,氧饱和度最低点,氧饱和度指数,总唤醒指数,和总睡眠时间。这突出了早期诊断和适当治疗的重要性。我们的研究还表明,腺样体扁桃体肥大仍然是该年龄组上呼吸道阻塞的主要原因。
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a polysomnogram (PSG) in children with DS prior to the age of 4. This retrospective study examined the frequency of SDB, gas exchange abnormalities, co-morbidities, and surgical management in children with DS aged 2-4 years old at Seattle Children\'s Hospital from 2015-2021. A total of 153 children underwent PSG, with 75 meeting the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 3.03 years (SD 0.805), 56% were male, and 54.7% were Caucasian. Comorbidities included (n, %): cardiac (43, 57.3%), dysphagia or aspiration (24, 32.0%), prematurity (17, 22.7%), pulmonary (16, 21.3%), immune dysfunction (2, 2.7%), and hypothyroidism (23, 30.7%). PSG parameter data collected included (mean, SD): obstructive AHI (7.9, 9.4) and central AHI (2.4, 2.4). In total, 94.7% met the criteria for pediatric OSA, 9.5% met the criteria for central apnea, and 9.5% met the criteria for hypoventilation. Only one child met the criteria for hypoxemia. Overall, 60% had surgical intervention, with 88.9% of these being adenotonsillectomy. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of OSA at different ages. Children aged 2-4 years with DS have a high frequency of OSA. The most commonly encountered co-morbidities were cardiac and swallowing dysfunction. Among those with OSA, more than half underwent surgical intervention, with improvements in their obstructive apnea hypopnea index, total apnea hypopnea index, oxygen saturation nadir, oxygen desaturation index, total arousal index, and total sleep duration. This highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Our study also suggests that adenotonsillar hypertrophy is still a large contributor to upper airway obstruction in this age group.