Pelvic fractures present a severe and complex clinical challenge. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal (IIN) and iliohypogastric nerve (IHN) blocks with conventional general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing internal fixation surgery for pelvic fractures. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients equally divided into ultrasound-guided and control groups. The study monitored hemodynamics, intraoperative anesthesia drug usage, postoperative pain levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups. The ultrasound-guided group underwent ultrasound-guided IHN and IIN blocks combined with GA. The ultrasound-guided group exhibited significant advantages for hemodynamic measurements at specific time points, lower consumption of Propofol and Remifentanil, and reduced pain intensity across all evaluated time intervals (P < .05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the ultrasound group (P = .016). Ultrasound-guided anesthesia is a superior alternative to conventional GA for managing pelvic fractures through internal fixation surgery. It offers advantages in terms of hemodynamic stability, drug consumption, postoperative pain management, and adverse reaction reduction.

The simultaneous objectives of destroying tumor cells while protecting normal pelvic organs present a dual clinical and technical challenge within the realm of pelvic tumor radiotherapy. This article reviews the latest literatures, focusing on technological innovations in key aspects of radiotherapy such as positioning, planning, and delivery. These include positioning fixation techniques, organ-at-risk avoidance irradiation, non-coplanar irradiation techniques, as well as organ displacement protection and image-guided adaptive techniques. It summarizes and discusses the research progress made in the protection of critical organs during pelvic tumor radiotherapy. The paper emphasizes technological advancements in the protection of critical organs throughout the processes of radiotherapy positioning, planning, and implementation, aiming to provide references for further research on the protection of critical organs in the external irradiation treatment of pelvic tumors.
如何在摧毁肿瘤细胞的同时保护盆腔内的正常器官，是盆腔肿瘤放射治疗领域在临床和技术上面临的双重挑战。本文通过评述最新文献，聚焦于放疗定位、计划设计、实施等关键环节中的技术创新，包括：摆位固定技术、危及器官避让照射技术和非共面照射技术，以及器官移位保护和图像引导的自适应技术等，总结并讨论了盆腔肿瘤放疗中危及器官保护的研究进展。本文重点关注放疗定位、计划设计、实施各环节中危及器官保护的技术进展，旨在为盆腔肿瘤外照射放疗中危及器官保护的进一步研究奠定基础。.

BACKGROUND: Acute total hip arthroplasty has gained increasing popularity in the treatment of complex acetabular fractures in elderly patients, but the biomechanical evidence is lacking. Therefore, we measured the primary stability to evaluate whether acute total hip arthroplasty using a multi-hole acetabular cup and posterior column plating through a single K-L approach can safely be used for treating complexed acetabular fractures in the elderly.
METHODS: In 18 composite osteoporotic hemipelves, T-type acetabular fractures were treated in three ways: CSP (Cup with acetabular screws augmentation combined with posterior plate) group, CP (Cup without acetabular screw combined with posterior plate) group and CSPA (Cup with acetabular screws combined with posterior plate and anterior plate) group. Each specimen was dynamically loaded (300 to 1700 N, 1 Hz). Primary stability of the acetabular cup and fracture gap was evaluated by 3-dimensional (3D) micromotions.
RESULTS: No significant differences in the 3D-micromotions were observed among the CSP, CP and CSPA groups except the test point on the anterior column of the acetabulum in the CP scenario (CSP 49.33 ± 21.08 μm vs. CP 224.83 ± 52.29 μm, p < 0.001; CSPA 45.50 ± 12.16 μm vs. CP 224.83 ± 52.29 μm, p < 0.001). No significant differences in the fracture gap displacement on the posterior column of acetabulum were observed among the CSP, CP and CSPA groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results show, that acute total hip arthroplasty using a multi-hole cup with acetabular screws and posterior column plating through single a K-L approach offers good primary stability to allow good osseous integration for treating complex acetabular fractures in the elderly. Furthermore, it also provides good fracture gap displacement on the posterior column.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar-iliac fixation (LIF) is a common treatment for Tile C1.3 pelvic fractures, but different techniques, including L4-L5/L5 unilateral LIF (L4-L5/L5 ULIF), bilateral LIF (BLIF), and L4-L5/L5 triangular osteosynthesis (L4-L5/L5 TOS), still lack biomechanical evaluation. The sacral slope (SS) is key to the vertical shear of the sacrum but has not been investigated for its biomechanical role in lumbar-iliac fixation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical effects of different LIF and SS on Tile C1.3 pelvic fracture under two-legged standing load in human cadavers.
METHODS: Eight male fresh-frozen human lumbar-pelvic specimens were used in this study. Compressive force of 500 N was applied to the L4 vertebrae in the two-legged standing position of the pelvis. The Tile C1.3 pelvic fracture was prepared, and the posterior pelvic ring was fixed with L5 ULIF, L4-L5 ULIF, L5 TOS, L4-L5 TOS, and L4-L5 BLIF, respectively. Displacement and rotation of the anterior S1 foramen at 30° and 40° sacral slope (SS) were analyzed.
RESULTS: The displacement of L4-L5/L5 TOS in the left-right and vertical direction, total displacement, and rotation in lateral bending decreased significantly, which is more pronounced at 40° SS. The difference in stability between L4-L5 and L5 ULIF was not significant. BLIF significantly limited left-right displacement. The ULIF vertical displacement at 40° SS was significantly higher than that at 30° SS.
CONCLUSIONS: This study developed an in vitro two-legged standing pelvic model and demonstrated that TOS enhanced pelvic stability in the coronal plane and cephalad-caudal direction, and BLIF enhanced stability in the left-right direction. L4-L5 ULIF did not further improve the immediate stability, whereas TOS is required to increase the vertical stability at greater SS.

UNASSIGNED: To investigate the effectiveness of HoloSight Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery Robot-assisted infra-acetabular screw placement for treatment of acetabular fractures.
UNASSIGNED: The clinical data of 23 patients with acetabular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation and infra-acetabular screw placement in two medical centers between June 2022 and October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the the method of infra-acetabular screw placement, the patients were divided into navigation group (10 cases, using HoloSight Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery Robot-assisted screw placement) and freehand group (13 cases, using traditional X-ray fluoroscopy to guide screw placement). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, cause of injury, time from injury to operation, and Judet-Letournel classification between the two groups ( P>0.05). The time of infra-acetabular screw placement, the fluoroscopy frequency, the guide pin adjustment times, the quality of screw placement, the quality of fracture reduction, and the function of hip joint were compared between the two groups.
UNASSIGNED: All patients completed the operation successfully. The time of screw placement, the fluoroscopy frequency, and guide pin adjustment times in the navigation group were significantly less than those in the freehand group ( P<0.05). The quality of screw placement in the navigation group was significantly better than that in the freehand group ( P<0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 6-11 months, with an average of 7.7 months. There were 9 and 9 cases in the navigation group and the freehand group who achieved excellent and good fracture reduction quality at 1 week after operation, and 12 and 12 cases with excellent and good hip joint function at last follow-up, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The fractures in both groups healed well, and there was no significant difference in healing time ( P>0.05). During the follow-up, there was no complication related to screw placement, such as failure of internal fixation, vascular and nerve injury, incisional hernia.
UNASSIGNED: In the treatment of acetabular fractures, compared with the traditional freehand screw placement, the HoloSight Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery Robot-assisted screw placement can reduce the time of screw placement, improve the accuracy of screw placement, and reduce the amount of radiation, which is an efficient, accurate, and safe surgical method.
UNASSIGNED: 探讨使用HoloSight创伤骨科手术机器人辅助二窗螺钉植入治疗髋臼骨折的疗效。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾分析2022年6月—2023年10月于两个医学中心行切开复位内固定并植入二窗螺钉治疗的23例髋臼骨折患者临床资料。根据二窗螺钉植入方式不同分为导航组（10例，采用HoloSight创伤骨科手术机器人辅助植钉）和徒手组（13例，采用传统X线透视引导植钉）。两组患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数、致伤原因、受伤至手术时间及Judet-Letournel分型等基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。比较两组患者二窗螺钉植钉时间、透视次数、导针调整次数、螺钉植入质量、骨折复位质量及髋关节功能。.
UNASSIGNED: 所有患者均顺利完成手术。导航组植钉时间、透视次数和导针调整次数明显少于徒手组（ P<0.05）。导航组螺钉植入质量明显优于徒手组，差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。两组患者均获随访，随访时间6～11个月，平均7.7个月。导航组和徒手组术后1周骨折复位质量达优良者分别为9、9例，末次随访时髋关节功能达优良者分别为12、12例，组间比较差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。两组患者骨折均愈合良好，愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。两组随访期间均未发生内固定失效、血管神经损伤、切口疝等植钉相关并发症。.
UNASSIGNED: 髋臼骨折治疗中，与传统徒手植钉比较，HoloSight创伤骨科手术机器人辅助植入二窗螺钉能减少植钉时间、提高植钉准确性、减少辐射量，是一种高效、准确及安全的手术方式。.

UNASSIGNED: To investigate the morphological characteristics of the glenohumeral joint (including the glenoid and coracoid) in the Chinese population and determine the feasibility of designing coracoid osteotomy based on the preoperative glenoid defect arc length by constructing glenoid defect models and simulating suture button fixation Latarjet procedure.
UNASSIGNED: Twelve shoulder joint specimens from 6 adult cadavers donated voluntarily were harvested. First, whether the coracoacromial ligament and conjoint tendon connected was anatomically observed and their intersection point was identified. The vertical distance from the intersection point to the coracoid, the maximum allowable osteotomy length starting from the intersection point, and the maximum osteotomy angle were measured. Next, the anteroinferior glenoid defect models of different degrees were randomly constructed. The arc length and area of the glenoid defect were measured. Based on the arc length of the glenoid defect of the model, the size of coracoid oblique osteotomy was designed and the actual length and angle of the coracoid osteotomy were measured. A limited osteotomy suture button fixation Latarjet procedure with the coracoacromial ligament and pectoralis minor preservation was performed and the position of coracoid block was observed.
UNASSIGNED: All shoulder joint specimens exhibited crossing fibers between the coracoacromial ligament and the conjoint tendon. The vertical distance from the tip of the coracoid to the coracoid return point was 24.8-32.2 mm (mean, 28.5 mm). The maximum allowable osteotomy length starting from the intersection point was 26.7-36.9 mm (mean, 32.0 mm). The maximum osteotomy angle was 58.8°-71.9° (mean, 63.5°). Based on the anteroinferior glenoid defect model, the arc length of the glenoid defect was 22.6-29.4 mm (mean, 26.0 mm); the ratio of glenoid defect was 20.8%-26.2% (mean, 23.7%). Based on the coracoid block, the length of the coracoid osteotomy was 23.5-31.4 mm (mean, 26.4 mm); the osteotomy angle was 51.3°-69.2° (mean, 57.1°). There was no significant difference between the arc length of the glenoid defect and the length of the coracoid osteotomy ( P>0.05). After simulating the suture button fixation Latarjet procedure, the highest points of the coracoid block (suture loop fixation position) in all models located below the optimal center point, with the bone block concentrated in the anteroinferior glenoid defect position.
UNASSIGNED: The size of the coracoid is generally sufficient to meet the needs of repairing larger glenoid defects. The oblique osteotomy with preserving the coracoacromial ligament may potentially replace the traditional Latarjet osteotomy method.
UNASSIGNED: 探讨国人盂肱关节（包括关节盂、喙突）形态学特点；通过构造不同程度关节盂骨缺损模型并模拟弹性固定Latarjet手术，明确根据术前关节盂骨缺损弧长度设计喙突截骨的可行性。.
UNASSIGNED: 采用自愿捐赠的6具成年尸体12个肩关节标本，首先解剖观察喙肩韧带与联合腱是否相连，确定两者交叉点，测量喙突尖端距离喙突折返处的垂直长度、以交叉点为起点允许的最大截骨线长度以及最大截骨角度。然后，随机构建不同程度关节盂前下方骨缺损模型，测量关节盂骨缺损弧长度并计算缺损面积；根据模型中关节盂骨缺损弧长度设计喙突斜形截骨，测量实际喙突截骨长度及截骨角度；模拟保留喙肩韧带有限截骨弹性固定Latarjet手术，观察骨块中心位置。.
UNASSIGNED: 所有肩关节标本喙肩韧带与联合腱之间存在交叉纤维，喙突尖距离喙突折返处垂直长度为24.8～32.2 mm，平均28.5 mm；以交叉点为起点允许的最长截骨线长度为26.7～36.9 mm，平均32.0 mm；最大截骨角度为58.8°～71.9°，平均63.5°。基于关节盂前下方骨缺损模型，测量关节盂骨缺损弧长度为22.6～29.4 mm，平均26.0 mm；关节盂骨缺损比例为20.8%～26.2%，平均23.7%。基于喙突骨块，测量喙突截骨长度23.5～31.4 mm，平均26.4 mm；截骨角度51.3°～69.2°，平均57.1°。关节盂骨缺损弧长度与喙突截骨长度比较，差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。模拟弹性固定Latarjet手术后，所有模型中喙突截骨骨块最高点（线袢固定位置）均位于最适圆心下方，骨块集中于关节盂前下方。.
UNASSIGNED: 喙突大小基本能满足较大关节盂骨缺损修复需求，保留喙肩韧带的斜形截骨方式有望替代传统Latarjet截骨方式。.

OBJECTIVE: To explore accuracy and clinical effect of robot-assisted implantation of sacroiliac penetrating screw in orthopedic surgery for posterior pelvic ring fracture.
METHODS: The clinical data of 24 patients with posterior pelvic ring fracture treated with robot-assisted sacroiliac penetration screws from August 2022 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 males and 14 females; aged from 21 to 73 years old with an average of (49.29±14.48) years old;according to Tile pelvic fractures, 13 patients were type B and 11 were type C. The effect of screw placement was evaluated according to Gras criteria based on postoperative CT scan results. At the final follow-up, fracture healing was evaluated according to Matta score, and functional recovery was evaluated by Majeed score.
RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 3 to 13 months with an average of (6.00±3.28) months. Totally 36 sacroiliac penetrating screws, 18 S1 penetrating screws, 18 S2 penetrating screws were inserted, a total of 29 were excellent and 7 good according to Gras standard. Screw adjustment times was 0.00 (0.00, 0.75) times. At the final follow-up, Matta score was excellent in 18 patients, 5 good and 1 moderate, and the maximum displacement distance was 2.55 (0.00, 5.65) mm. Majeed score was 84.37±8.38, 15 patients were excellent, 7 good and 2 moderate.
CONCLUSIONS: Robot could accurately and safely assist in the placement of sacroiliac joint screws for the treatment of posterior pelvic ring fractures, and promote postoperative functional recovery of patients.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a group of diseases caused by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in pelvic supportive tissues. Cysteine and serine rich nuclear protein 1 (CSRNP1) is involved in cell proliferation and survival regulation, and reportedly facilitates collagen breakdown in human chondrocytes. The present study aimed to probe the effect of CSRNP1 on collagen metabolism in human-derived vaginal fibroblasts. High expression of CSRNP1 was found in POP patient-derived vaginal fibroblasts in comparison to normal-derived vaginal fibroblasts. Following functional experiments revealed that CSRNP1 overexpression led to proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and collagen degradation in normal vaginal fibroblasts. In line with this, silencing of CSRNP1 inhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-triggered apoptosis, ROS generation and collagen loss in normal vaginal fibroblasts. Silencing of CSRNP1 also reduced the expression of cell senescence markers p21 and γ-H2Ax (the histone H2Ax phosphorylated at Ser139), as well as curbed collagen breakdown in normal vaginal fibroblasts caused by a DNA damage agent etoposide. Transcriptomic analysis of vaginal fibroblasts showed that differentially expressed genes affected by CSRNP1 overexpression were mainly enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway. Treatment with a Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 blocked CSRNP1 knockdown-caused collagen deposition. Mechanistically, CSRNP1 was identified to be a target of Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2). Forced expression of CSRNP1 reversed the anti-apoptotic, anti-senescent and anti-collagen loss effects of SNAI2 in normal vaginal fibroblasts exposed to H2O2 or etoposide. Our study indicates that the SNAI2/CSRNP1 axis may be a key driver in POP progression, which provides a potential therapeutic strategy for POP.

Exosomes derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can alleviate the symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in rats. However, the potential therapeutical effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the symptoms of PFD in rats are unknown. Exosomes extracted from BMSCs treated with or without TNF-α were applied to treat PFD rats. Our findings revealed a significant elevation in interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) levels in the vaginal wall tissues of patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) compared with the control group. Daily administration of exosomes derived from BMSCs, treated either with or without TNF-α (referred to as Exo and TNF-Exo), resulted in increased void volume and bladder void pressure, along with reduced peak bladder pressure and leak point pressure in PFD rats. Notably, TNF-Exo treatment demonstrated superior efficacy in restoring void volume, bladder void pressure and the mentioned parameters compared with Exo treatment. Importantly, TNF-Exo exhibited greater potency than Exo in restoring the levels of multiple proteins (Elastin, Collagen I, Collagen III, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP2) in the anterior vaginal walls of PFD rats. The application of exosomes derived from TNF-α-treated BMSCs holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for treating PFD.

OBJECTIVE: The sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (SPID) are major causes of secondary infertility. Modified Hongteng Baijiang decoction (MHTBD) has produced positive results in the treatment of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease; however, its role in SPID remains elusive. Therefore, this study clarified the role of MHTBD in SPID pathogenesis.
METHODS: The main components in MHTBD were analyzed by using liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC/MS). An SPID rat model was established, and the rats were treated with different doses of MHTBD (0.504 g of raw drug/kg, 1.008 g of raw drug/kg, and 2.016 g of raw drug/kg). Endometrial pinopodes were observed via scanning electron microscopy, endometrial thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed via HE staining, and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), integrin β3 (ITGB3), and CD31 in the endometrium was detected by using immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of LIF, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in the endometrium. Moreover, the changes in the gut microbiota were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS: MHTBD improved endometrial receptivity, attenuated endometrial pathologic damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased ER and PR expression in the endometrium, and promoted the expression of LIF, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in the endometrium (p < .05) in SPID rats. Additionally, MHTBD treatment affected the composition of the gut microbiota in SPID rats. Furthermore, MHTBD attenuated endometrial receptivity and pathological damage in SPID rats by promoting the LIF/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: MHTBD attenuates SPID in rats by promoting the LIF/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and improving the composition of the gut microbiota. MHTBD may be a valuable drug for SPID therapy.