目的:听力损失研究通常采用定性方法。扎根理论方法越来越多地用于建立新的理论来解释与听力损失有关的经验。强调建立和提高扎根理论研究的质量对于确保理论可信度至关重要。因此,本研究的主要目的是系统地回顾应用扎根理论方法的听力损失研究,并评估这些扎根理论应用的方法学质量。第二目的是(i)探索扎根理论方法如何应用于调查听力损失,以及(ii)利用审查的结果制定一套指导方针,以帮助未来将扎根理论方法高质量地应用于听力损失研究。
方法:通过在10个数据库中进行系统搜索,确定了应用扎根理论方法并以英文发表的原始同行评审研究;应用社会科学索引和摘要,英国护理指数,护理和相关健康文献的累积指数,EBSCO,全球卫生,MEDLINE(OvidSP),PsycINFO,PubMed,Scopus,和WebofScience。根据12个扎根理论原则,使用报告指南评估研究质量,评估,并应用扎根理论研究(GUREGT)工具的核心原则。采用定性归纳专题分析法对数据进行分析。
结果:删除重复项之后,共检索到155篇文章。其中,39符合纳入系统审查的标准。在过去5年中,已发表的研究数量增加了三倍,发现采用扎根理论方法调查听力损失的数量有所增加。使用GUREGT工具的批判性评估确定了四项研究是高质量的。大多数纳入研究的研究质量中等(n=25),10人被归类为低研究质量。使用归纳主题分析,纳入的研究调查了与听力损失有关的四个领域之一:(a)患有听力损失,(b)身份和听力损失,(c)听力损失的应对策略,和(d)听力学咨询和康复。分析还确定了听力损失研究中经常被忽视的四个主要扎根理论因素:扎根理论的不同流派,抽样策略,样本量,以及扎根理论应用的深度。
结论:听力损失研究中,基础理论方法的使用正在迅速增加。尽管如此,迄今为止,在该领域进行的研究不符合和应用扎根理论原则的全部范围,由GUREGT工具概述。为了提高未来研究中使用扎根理论的方法严谨性,我们提出了一套指南,解决了迄今为止听力损失研究中最常被忽视的方法学考虑.该指南旨在帮助研究人员在任何领域实现高方法论质量,提高定性的严谨性,提高理论可信度。
OBJECTIVE: Qualitative methodologies are commonly adopted in hearing loss research. Grounded theory methodology is increasingly used to establish novel theories explaining experiences related to hearing loss. Establishing and improving the quality of grounded theory studies has been emphasized as critical to ensuring theoretical trustworthiness. Thus, the primary aim of the present study was to systematically review hearing loss research studies that have applied grounded theory methodology and assess the methodological quality of those grounded theory applications. Secondarily aims were to (i) explore how grounded theory methodology has been applied to investigate hearing loss, and (ii) use the findings of the review to develop a set of
guidelines to aid the future high-quality application of grounded theory methodology to hearing loss research.
METHODS: Original peer-reviewed studies applying grounded theory methodology and published in English were identified through systematic searches in 10 databases; Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, British Nursing Index, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EBSCO, Global Health, MEDLINE (OvidSP), PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The quality of studies was assessed according to 12 grounded theory principles using the
Guideline for Reporting, Evaluating, and applying the core principles of Grounded Theory studies (GUREGT) tool. Data were analyzed using qualitative inductive thematic analysis.
RESULTS: After the removal of duplicates, 155 articles were retrieved. Of those, 39 met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. An increase in the adoption of grounded theory methodology to investigate hearing loss was identified with the number of published studies tripling in the last 5 years. Critical appraisal using the GUREGT tool identified four studies as high-quality. Most included studies were of moderate study quality (n = 25), and 10 were classified as being of low study quality. Using inductive thematic analysis, the included studies investigated one of four areas relating to hearing loss: (a) Living with hearing loss, (b) Identity and hearing loss, (c) Coping strategies for hearing loss, and (d) Audiological counseling and rehabilitation. Analysis also identified four main grounded theory factors frequently overlooked in hearing loss research: the different schools of grounded theory, sampling strategy, sample size, and the depth of grounded theory application.
CONCLUSIONS: Use of grounded theory methodology is increasing at a rapid rate in hearing loss research. Despite this, studies conducted in the field to date do not meet and apply the full spectrum of grounded theory principles, as outlined by the GUREGT tool. To improve methodological rigor in future studies using grounded theory, we propose a set of
guidelines that address the most commonly overlooked methodological considerations in hearing loss studies to date. The
guidelines are designed to aid researchers to achieve high methodological quality in any field, improve qualitative rigor, and promote theoretical credibility.