■木质素是芳香族生物聚合物的最丰富来源,并且由于报道的针对细菌和真菌病原体的生物相容性和防御而在工业和生物医学应用中获得了兴趣,除了抗氧化和紫外线阻断性能。特别是以纳米粒子(NPs)的形式,木质素也可以显示抗氧化和抗炎活性。
■要评估这些特性,使用声化学纳米配制的原始木质素(LigNPs)和酶促酚(PheLigNPs)暴露斑马鱼胚胎,没有绒毛膜,在不同的浓度。此外,两种不同的斑马鱼炎症模型,通过注射铜绿假单胞菌脂多糖(LPS)和在胚胎尾鳍中引起伤口损伤。通过qPCR在两个模型中研究了炎症过程,分析基因水平为il8,il6,il1β,tnfα,nfkbiaa,nfk2和ccl34a.4,并通过对中性粒细胞募集的评估,利用苏丹黑染色,在LigNPs和PheLigNPs存在或不存在的情况下。最后,Wnt/β-catenin通路,与组织再生有关,在受伤和暴露于NP的胚胎中进行了分子水平的研究。
■获得的数据表明,基于木质素的NP显示出在炎症事件期间诱导阳性反应的能力,增加细胞因子的募集以加速其趋化功能。此外,LigNPs和PheLigNPs在伤口的解决中起作用,有利于再生过程。
■在本文中,我们在受精后5天内使用斑马鱼胚胎(hpf)。尽管是早期的典范,斑马鱼胚胎已经证明了它们作为预测模型的潜力。需要在成人中进行进一步的长期实验,以完全探索木质素NP的生物医学能力。结果强调了所测试的两种NP的安全性,为进一步评估以利用所检查的木质素纳米颗粒的抗炎和促愈合特性铺平了道路。
UNASSIGNED: Lignin is the most abundant source of aromatic biopolymers and has gained interest in industrial and biomedical applications due to the reported biocompatibility and defense provided against bacterial and fungal pathogens, besides antioxidant and UV-blocking properties. Especially in the form of nanoparticles (NPs), lignin may display also antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
UNASSIGNED: To evaluate these characteristics, sonochemically nano-formulated pristine lignin (LigNPs) and enzymatically-phenolated one (PheLigNPs) were used to expose zebrafish embryos, without chorion, at different concentrations. Furthermore, two different zebrafish inflammation models were generated, by injecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by provoking a wound injury in the embryo caudal fin. The inflammatory process was investigated in both models by qPCR, analyzing the level of genes as il8, il6, il1β, tnfα, nfkbiaa, nfk2, and ccl34a.4, and by the evaluation of neutrophils recruitment, taking advantage of the Sudan Black staining, in the presence or not of LigNPs and PheLigNPs. Finally, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, related to tissue regeneration, was investigated at the molecular level in embryos wounded and exposed to NPs.
UNASSIGNED: The data obtained demonstrated that the lignin-based NPs showed the capacity to induce a positive response during an inflammatory event, increasing the recruitment of cytokines to accelerate their chemotactic function. Moreover, the LigNPs and PheLigNPs have a role in the resolution of wounds, favoring the regeneration process.
UNASSIGNED: In this paper, we used zebrafish embryos within 5 days post fertilization (hpf). Despite being an early-stage exemplary, the zebrafish embryos have proven their potential as predicting models. Further long-term experiments in adults will be needed to explore completely the biomedical capabilities of lignin NPs. The results underlined the safety of both NPs tested paved the way for further evaluations to exploit the anti-inflammatory and pro-healing properties of the lignin nanoparticles examined.