背景:鉴于涉及司法的青年的发展脆弱性,在安全的设施中提供安全的环境是至关重要的,但具有挑战性的任务。在这种复杂性下,一个健全的安全框架是关键。安全框架存在于三个维度:物理、程序和关系安全。现有知识点的重要性在于将重点转移到物理和程序安全上,以关系安全为核心的安全框架。同时,关于关系安全的知识匮乏,特别是在青年司法方面。本文探讨了关系安全及其在实践中的工作机制。
方法:本文借鉴了对三个小规模,以关系安全为基础的社区嵌入式设施。评估的方法来自行动研究,涉及一个在动作之间交替的循环过程,研究和批判性反思,同时让所有利益相关者参与研究过程。行动研究周期涉及定性研究(共63次半结构化访谈),纳入工作人员的观点,年轻人和父母。
结果:关系安全基于三个不同的,但是相互关联,要素-员工的基本态度,员工和青年之间的建设性联盟,员工在场-并通过多种机制促进安全和治疗环境。
结论:关系安全可以在实际概念中定义;概述了一种指导员工如何在安全设施中建立安全和治疗环境的工作方式。这种概念化在涵盖治疗联盟的完善文献中得到了支持,并且可以通过两种有关青年司法策略的一致理论得到证实:社会生态理论和自决理论。关系安全不仅是一种工作方式,也是一种存在方式。它涵盖了关于安全和对涉及司法的青年的心态的愿景,不仅将他们视为“要管理的风险”,但主要是作为“有待开发的资源”。
BACKGROUND: Given the developmental vulnerability of justice-involved youth, providing a safe environment in secure facilities is a paramount, yet challenging task. Within this complexity, a sound security framework is key. The security framework exists on three dimensions: physical, procedural and relational security. Existing knowledge points at the importance of a shift in focus on physical and procedural security towards relational security as the core of the security framework. At the same time there is a dearth of knowledge on relational security, particularly in the context of youth justice. This paper explores relational security and its working mechanisms in practice.
METHODS: This paper draws on findings of a comprehensive three-year evaluation of three small-scale, community-embedded facilities that are grounded in relational security. The approach of the evaluation was derived from action research, involving a cyclic process alternating between action, research and critical reflection, while engaging all stakeholders in the research process. The action research cycle involved qualitative research (a total of 63 semi-structured interviews) incorporating the perspective of staff, youth and parents.
RESULTS: Relational security is grounded in three distinct, but interrelated, elements - staff\'s basic attitude, a constructive alliance between staff and youth, staff presence - and promotes a safe and therapeutic environment through several mechanisms.
CONCLUSIONS: Relational security can be defined in a practical conceptualization; outlining a way of working that guides staff in how to establish a safe and therapeutic environment in secure facilities. This conceptualization finds support in the well-established literature covering the therapeutic alliance and can be substantiated by two aligning theories concerning youth justice strategies: social-ecological theory and self-determination theory. Relational security is not only a way of working, but also a way of being. It encompasses a vision about security and mentality towards justice-involved youth that sees them not merely as \'risks to be managed\', but primarly as \'resources to be developed\'.