背景:由于对手动包装任务的流行和需求增加,对工人健康和安全的关注日益增加。
目的:本研究旨在评估性别和工作姿势对主观不适的影响,肌肉疲劳,和运动学在手动包装任务。
方法:20名参与者,包括10名男性和10名女性,被招募以坐姿和站立姿势执行60分钟的手动包装任务。
结果:感到不适的证据是,感知劳力(RPE)值的等级增加(坐姿:从6到14.55;站立:从6到17.15),并且右侧臂放射肌(RB)的中位工频(MPF)值降低(坐姿:-23.68%;站立:-16.20%),右上斜方肌(RUT)(坐姿:-20.14%;站立:11.79%),和右竖脊肌(RES)(坐姿:8.64%;站立:11.21%)。女性更有可能以放松的上身姿势向前弯曲,尤其是坐着的时候,这可能会增加下背痛的风险,女性也比男性报告更大的不适,但不是手和背。与坐着相比,背部在站立时表现出更大的肌肉疲劳,而肩部和手部的肌肉疲劳则相反。
结论:这些研究结果表明,在手动包装任务中,应考虑工作姿势以防止疲劳。鉴于性别对肌肉疲劳的影响,女性和男性的工作都应该被考虑。研究结果可以帮助制定动作策略和工作姿势设计,以预防手动包装行业中的肌肉骨骼疾病。
BACKGROUND: Due to the prevalence and increased demand for manual packaging tasks, the concern for worker health and safety has grown.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effects of gender and work postures on subjective discomfort, muscle fatigue, and kinematics during a manual packaging task.
METHODS: Twenty participants, including 10 males and 10 females, were recruited to perform a 60-minute manual packaging task in sitting and standing postures.
RESULTS: Discomfort was evidenced by increased the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) values (sit: from 6 to 14.55; stand: from 6 to 17.15) and muscle fatigue was supported by decreased median power frequency (MPF) values for right brachioradialis (RB) (sit: -23.68% ; stand: -16.20%), right upper trapezius (RUT) (sit: -20.14% ; stand: 11.79%), and right erector spinae (RES) (sit: 8.64% ; stand: 11.21%) muscles. Women were more likely to bend forward in a relaxed upper body position, especially while sitting, which may increase the risk of low back pain and women also reported greater discomfort than men, but not in the hands and back. Compared with sitting, the back showed greater muscle fatigue in standing, while muscle fatigue for the shoulders and hands was the opposite.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that work posture should be considered to prevent fatigue in manual packaging tasks. Given the impact of gender on muscle fatigue, work performed by women and men should both be considered. The results can help to develop action strategies and work posture design to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in the manual packaging industry.