目的:描述个人睡眠习惯和夜间心率变异性(HRV)反应,并探讨在整个2周的比赛期间,高水平女足球运动员的工作量与睡眠和夜间HRV指数的个体内关联。
方法:研究遵循描述性的,观察性设计。34名高级女足球运动员(年龄20.6±2.3岁)在夜间睡眠期间佩戴腕部肌动仪和心率(HR)监测器,以记录整个14天的客观睡眠和HRV数据[六个晚上训练课程(ET),六个休息日(RD),和两个比赛日(MD)]。在每次ET和MD期间,锻炼HR(HRexe),%HRpeak,训练冲动(TRIMP),监测会话感知劳累评分(s-RPE)和感知幸福感评分。
结果:ET之后,更多的玩家(17-22)每晚睡眠不足7小时,与剩余天数(即,MD和RD),但只有1-6名玩家的睡眠效率<75%。睡眠持续时间和睡眠效率的变异系数(CV)介于9-22%和2-11%之间,分别。TRIMP与睡眠时间[r=-0.25(-0.36;-0.12);P<0.001]和睡眠效率[r=-0.20(-0.32;-0.08);P=0.004]之间存在小的受试者内负相关。s-RPE与睡眠时间[r=-0.43(-0.53;-0.32);P<0.001]和睡眠效率[r=-0.17(-0.30;-0.05);P=0.02]之间存在中等和小的受试者内负相关。时域分析的夜间HRV范围为4.1(3.9;4.3)至4.4(4.1;4.6)ln[ms],频域分析范围从6.3(5.9;6.7)到7.5(7.1;7.9)ln[ms2]。时域HRV的CV范围从3%到23%,频域为4%至46%。在四个参与者中特别观察到时域和频域HRV的更高CV波动。
结论:总体而言,这项研究强调了睡眠和夜间HRV指数的个体差异,指示睡眠持续时间可能受训练和匹配时间表和工作负载的影响。高级女足球运动员的训练和比赛工作量与夜间HRV无关。
OBJECTIVE: To describe individual sleep habits and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) responses, and to explore intra-individual associations of workload with sleep and nocturnal HRV indices in high-level female soccer players throughout a 2-week competitive period.
METHODS: The study followed a descriptive, observational design. Thirty-four high-level female soccer players (aged 20.6 ± 2.3 years) wore wrist actigraph units and heart rate (HR) monitors during night-sleep to record objective sleep and HRV data throughout 14 days [six evening-time training sessions (ET), six rest-days (RD), and two match-days (MD)]. During each ET and MD, exercise HR (HRexe), %HRpeak, training impulse (TRIMP), session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and perceived ratings of wellbeing were monitored.
RESULTS: After ET, a higher number of players (17-22) slept less than 7 h/night, in contrast to the remaining days (i.e., MD and RD), but only 1-6 players had a sleep efficiency < 75%. The coefficient of variation (CV) for sleep duration and sleep efficiency ranged between 9-22% and 2-11%, respectively. A small negative within-subject correlation was found between TRIMP and sleep duration [r = -0.25 (-0.36; -0.12); P < 0.001] and sleep efficiency [r = -0.20 (-0.32; -0.08); P = 0.004]. A moderate and small negative within-subject correlation was found between s-RPE and sleep duration [r = -0.43 (-0.53; -0.32); P < 0.001] and sleep efficiency [r = -0.17 (-0.30; -0.05); P = 0.02]. Nocturnal HRV for the time-domain analyses ranged from 4.1 (3.9; 4.3) to 4.4 (4.1; 4.6) ln[ms], and for the frequency-domain analyses ranged from 6.3 (5.9; 6.7) to 7.5 (7.1; 7.9) ln[ms2]. CV for time-domain HRV ranged from 3 to 23%, and from 4 to 46% for the frequency-domain. Higher CV fluctuations in time- and frequency-domain HRV were particularly observed in four players.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study highlights the individual variability of sleep and nocturnal HRV indices, indicating that sleep duration may be affected by training and match schedules and workloads. Training and matches workload were not associated with nocturnal HRV in high-level female soccer players.