由Mycogone物种引起的双孢蘑菇湿泡病(WBD)给中国的蘑菇生产带来了巨大的经济损失。目前,杀菌剂的施用是控制WBD的主要方法。然而,抗真菌剂的过度使用受到耐药性和食品安全的挑战。因此,有必要探索安全有效的控制WBD的策略。从红豆杉根际土壤中分离出的菌株9-13,对三种Mycogone物种显示出强抑制活性。根据形态学和生化特征,和多位点系统发育分析,该菌株被鉴定为野链霉菌。此外,菌株9-13的提取物显着抑制了M.Perniciosa的菌丝生长和孢子萌发,玫瑰M.和新江M.离体。菌株9-13及其提取物对12种选定的植物病原真菌也表现出广谱抗真菌活性。扫描电镜观察表明,提取物破坏了菌丝结构,诱导菌丝体扭曲和收缩。此外,透射电子显微镜显示,提取物导致严重的质解,细胞膜破裂和细胞内含物减少,细胞壁出现粗糙和不平坦的表面。值得注意的是,提取物使WBD的疾病严重程度和发病率在子实体中从83.85%降低到87.32%,在蘑菇床中降低了77.36%,并保持收获蘑菇的结果时间和颜色。总的来说,这些结果清楚地表明,野猪9-13是一种有前途的生物防治剂,可以控制双孢菌的WBD。
Wet bubble disease (WBD) in Agaricus bisporus caused by Mycogone species imposes a substantial economic loss to mushroom production in China. Currently, fungicide application is the main method to control WBD. However, excessive use of fungicide is challenged by the appearance of resistance and food safety. Therefore, it is necessary to explore safe and efficient strategies to control WBD. Strain 9-13, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Taxus chinensis, showed strong inhibitory activity against three Mycogone species. According to morphological and biochemical characteristics, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as Streptomyces nojiriensis. In addition, strain 9-13 extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of M. perniciosa, M. rosea and M. xinjiangensis in vitro. Strain 9-13 and its extracts also exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against 12 selected plant pathogenic fungi. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that extracts destroyed mycelial structure, inducing mycelia to twist and shrink. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy revealed that extracts resulted in severe plasmolysis, rupture of cell membrane and a decrease in cell inclusions, and the cell wall appeared a rough and uneven surface. Notably, the extracts obviously reduced disease severity and incidence of WBD by from 83.85% to 87.32% in fruiting bodies and 77.36% in mushroom beds, and maintained fruiting time and color on harvested mushroom. Collectively, these results clearly indicate that S. nojiriensis 9-13 is a promising biocontrol agent to control WBD on A. bisporus.