可以在大的时间尺度上分析流域中的污染物迁移平衡,在某些水文和运输条件下,可以直接计算土地使用出口系数,通过在水文响应单元上忽略小空间和时间尺度上的水文和运输过程。在这项研究中,流域的水环境系统被解构为三个部分(源,源-汇,和径流运移),构建大时间尺度的污染物运移均衡模型。年度源汇积累为零的分水岭被定义为完全运输的分水岭;因此,我们推导了一个完全输运平衡方程。求土地输出系数的问题转化为求线性规划最优解的问题,可以根据污染物输出过程的变化来估计。可以使用多年随机降雨过程来分析解决方案的可行性。该模型用于分析化学需氧量(COD)的传输平衡,总氮(TN),和总磷(TP)在流域的监测横截面的上游,覆盖3145.66km2。根据模型计算土地出口系数。模型计算表明,分水岭在常年期间完全运输。计算的COD出口系数,TN,和TP用于农田,原生植被,和城市土地在一般经验值范围内。计算的最大COD累积量,TN,TP分别为0.19×107、0.063×107和0.049×106kg,分别,常年降雨。实践要点:定义了一个完全运输的分水岭,建立了大时间尺度的污染物运移均衡模型。设计了一个寻求线性规划最优解的问题来估计COD的土地出口系数,TN,和TP。COD的径流运移和积累过程,TN,并对流域的TP进行了分析。
The pollutant transport equilibrium in a
watershed can be analyzed on a large time scale, and land-use export coefficients can be calculated directly under certain hydrologic and transport conditions, by ignoring hydrologic and transport processes at small space and time scales on hydrologic response units. In this study, the water environment system of a
watershed was deconstructed into three parts (source, source-sink, and runoff transport) to construct a pollutant transportation equilibrium model on a large time scale. A
watershed with an annual source-sink accumulation of zero was defined as a completely transported
watershed; therefore, we derived a completely transported equilibrium equation. The problem of seeking the land export coefficient was converted into a problem of seeking the optimal solution of linear programming, which can be estimated according to the variation in pollutant output processes. The feasibility of the solution can be analyzed using multi-year stochastic rainfall processes. The model was used to analyze the transport equilibrium of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) upstream of the monitored cross-sections in a watershed, which covered 3145.66 km2. The land export coefficients were calculated according to the model. The model calculations indicated that the
watershed was completely transported during perennial years. The calculated export coefficients of COD, TN, and TP for farmland, primary vegetation, and urban land were within the range of general empirical values. The calculated maximum accumulations of COD, TN, and TP were 0.19 × 107, 0.063 × 107, and 0.049 × 106 kg, respectively, for perennial rainfall. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A completely transported watershed was defined, and a model of pollutant transportation equilibrium with large time-scale was constructed. A problem of seeking the optimal solution of a linear programming was designed to estimate the land export coefficient of COD, TN, and TP. The runoff transport and accumulation processes of COD, TN, and TP in a
watershed was analyzed.