OBJECTIVE: Mindfulness has been widely used with all kinds of people, such as students, educators or patients. However, there have been no studies explicitly targeting ward nurses. The aim of this study is to explore the concept analysis of mindfulness in ward nurses.
METHODS: A concept analysis.
METHODS: An electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cambridge Online Dictionary and EBSCO on mindfulness was conducted over a ten-year period of Peer-reviewed scholarly articles published in English. The Walker and Avant\'s framework was used for this paper.
RESULTS: Eleven articles in total were included in this study. Three attributes of mindfulness in ward nurses were identified as in the present moment, paying attention and being receptive. The consequence of mindfulness in ward nurses lead to positive changes, which included improving well-being, decreased burnout, anxiety and depression. An exploration of mindfulness in ward nurses was developed. The findings of this paper can be used in ward nurses, research and administration.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore and better understand the experiences of Hong Kong general ward nurses who care for post-intensive care patients.
METHODS: Inductive thematic analysis and focus groups interviews were used in this study.
METHODS: A purposive sample of 20 ward-based registered nurses were recruited, formed five focus groups and interviewed online using video-conferencing media.
RESULTS: The ward nurses in this study described the difficulties and challenges they experienced caring for the post-intensive care patient. Issues around workload and patient allocation figured highly along with a lack of education and training. Many felt scared and helpless when caring for these patients which significantly increased their anxiety. Some were compelled to spend more time with their other patients while others were so consumed with the post-ICU patient that they often neglected their other patients. The handover from the intensive care unit nurse was filled with trepidation and concern because of the level of information being handed-over was alien and complex to them so was the medications and the level of monitoring the intensive care unit nurse expected which was not often forthcoming on the ward simply because they didn\'t know what they were doing.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that these ward-nurses found themselves in a difficult situation with trying to understand of the needs of the post-intensive care patient. A lack of support, a lack of education and an increased workload made this situation hard. One possible solution is the development and evaluation of a critical care outreach team to support ward-based decision-making. Combined with formal training and education around the acutely ill and /or the deteriorating patient would be a positive step forward.
CONCLUSIONS: The post-intensive care patient poses significant challenges to ward nurses unfamiliar with the level of care they require. Unlike intensive care unit nurses whose focus is on survival and preventing deterioration, the ward nurse\'s attention is meeting the activities of daily living and progressing the patient\'s rehabilitation. One of the major obstacle experienced was at handover and the transferring of responsibility where the information conveyed was overly complex and to the ward nurse mostly irrelevant. For this, critical nurses must improve their proficiency at handover so that information is tailored to the needs of the ward environment. One way would be the development of a intensive care unit/Ward handover tool developed collaboratively so as maximise the priorities of care and improve patient outcome.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a ward nurses\' dietary support scale, including physical, psychological, and social background factors in preparation for older adult patients\' life after discharge.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-reported questionnaire. Scale items were created based on a conceptual analysis, and refined by a Delphi survey. In total, 696 nurses across 16 acute care hospitals in Japan were eligible to participate. The questionnaire comprised 51 items that used a five-point Likert-type scale. These items were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach\'s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Pearson\'s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine concurrent validity, and construct validity was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis.
RESULTS: Altogether, 241 surveys were included in the data analysis; 236 nurses participated in both the test and the retest. The exploratory factor analysis identified 20 items from three factors as follows: \"Assessment for healthy eating behavior,\" \"Adjustment of the living environment, including family and caregiver, together with other professions,\" and \"Continual frailty assessment.\" In the confirmatory factor analysis, the fitness indices supported these results. Cronbach\'s alpha was 0.932 and ICC was 0.867 for the overall scale. In the concurrent validity, the three factors had a moderate correlation (r = 0.295-0.537, P < .01 and r = 0.254-0.648, P < .01), except for one subscale.
CONCLUSIONS: We developed a ward nurses\' dietary support scale, including physical, psychological, and social background factors in preparation for older adult patients\' life after discharge. Its reliability and validity were confirmed.

UNASSIGNED: In China, clinical deterioration events present a real problem for every clinical nurse. Patient deterioration is determined in part by nurses\' attitudes toward early recognition of clinical deterioration. However, research on attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration is still in its infancy, and even less research has been done on ward nurses\' attitudes toward the early identification of clinical deterioration. To drive behavioral change and improve the care of deteriorating patients, nurses need comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools to assess their attitudes toward early identification of deterioration.
UNASSIGNED: In this study, we aimed to translate the Attitudes Toward Recognizing Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND) scale into Chinese and to assess its validity and reliability tests.
UNASSIGNED: From March 2022 to July 2022, the ATREND scale was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted into the Chinese version using a modified Brislin translation model. Then, 460 ward nurses were recruited from tertiary Grade A general hospitals in two cities: Shenyang and Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, China. Reliability analyses were conducted using internal consistency, split-half, and test-retest reliability. We convened a committee of experts to determine the validity of the content. Tests of the structural validity of the scale were conducted using exploratory and validation factor analyses.
UNASSIGNED: The Cronbach\'s α value of the Chinese version of the ATREND scale was 0.804, and the Cronbach\'s α value of the dimensions ranged from 0.782 to 0.863. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.846 and 0.711, respectively. Furthermore, the scale has an index of content validity of 0.922, indicating a high level of content validity. In exploratory factor analysis, eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot supported a three-factor structure. The three-factor model supported by this study was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Moreover, the model fitting indexes (e.g., χ 2/DF = 1.498, GFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.047) were all within acceptable limits based on the CFA.
UNASSIGNED: The Chinese version of the scale is reliable and valid among ward nurses. Nursing educators and clinicians will be able to develop targeted educational programs to enhance the competence and behaviors of Chinese ward nurses in recognizing clinical deterioration. It will be based on the developed scale to assess Chinese nurses\' attitudes and practices regarding early recognition of clinical deterioration. As a result, it is necessary to consider the Chinese scale\'s three-factor structure. The developed three-factor structured scale will assess Chinese ward nurses\' attitudes and practices toward patient observation and vital sign-monitoring empowerment, enlightening them on the importance of patient observation, encouraging ward nurses to use a wider range of patient assessment techniques to capture early signs of clinical deterioration, and helping ward nurses to develop clinical confidence to monitor clinical deterioration.

BACKGROUND: The critical care outreach service (CCOS) was established in a large teaching hospital in the West of Ireland in 2014 to provide an extension of CCOS between the intensive care unit (ICU) and the wards outside ICU. With the ever-increasing pressure on ICU resources, CCOS seems to offer an additional service to patients who are critically ill and deteriorating in hospital wards.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore ward nurses\' experiences and perceptions of the CCOS.
METHODS: A qualitative descriptive methodology aimed to obtain a descriptive account of ward nurses\' experiences of the CCOS. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Twelve nurses from the West of Ireland participated in the study. Braun and Clarke\'s six-step thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: Three core themes identified in this study included clinical support and decision-making; sharing knowledge and skills, and communication. All 12 nurses identified the positive impacts that they felt the current outreach service provided to them on a daily basis.
CONCLUSIONS: Study findings indicate that nurses value the role of the CCOS in supporting the care of the critically ill and deteriorating patients at ward level. The CCOS has become invaluable to the ward nurses in their daily practice especially at a time when resources are lacking and patient acuity is on the rise.

Background:It is not clear which personal factors and experiences affect ward nurses\' practice in supporting patients to return home after discharge. Aims: To explore the practices among ward nurses that help them support patients to continue to live independently in the community; and the influence on these of personal experience of providing home care, approaches to discharge planning, and understanding about patients after discharge. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 178 ward nurses in three hospitals. We used a t-test to analyze differences in ward nursing practices focusing on community living by nurses\' characteristics, experience in providing home-based care, discharge planning approaches, and understanding of patient situations after discharge, and a stepwise multi-regression analysis with ward nursing practices focusing on community living as the dependent variable. Results: Respondents included 167 female and 11 male nurses, with 34.8% in their 40s. Their mean length of nursing experience was 14.2 ± 9.8 years. Only 45.5% of the ward nurses recognized that discharge planning should commence on admission. The most common area of ward nursing practice focusing on community living was educating patients and their families. Cooperation with community healthcare workers was seen least frequently. The highest rate of contribution was observed in a model including recognition of the importance of discharge planning, number of conferences attended with community care service providers, experience of caring for a family member, and length of nursing experience (Adjusted R2 = 0.301). Impact statement: Improved ward nursing practice can help nurses to focus on enabling ongoing independent community living. Conclusions: Nurses were most focused on educating patients and their families to help them to manage after discharge. Recognizing the importance of discharge planning, holding conferences with community care service providers, and experience in caring for a family member affected ward nursing practice supporting community living.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe critical care nurses\' and ward nurses\' perceptions of the benefits and challenges with a nurse-led follow-up service for intensive care-survivors at general wards.
BACKGROUND: Patients recently transferred from intensive care to the general ward are still vulnerable and require complex care. There are different models of intensive care follow-up services and some include ward visits after transfer from intensive care. Research methodology/design: This study had a qualitative design. Data from 13 semi-structured interviews with Swedish critical care nurses and ward nurses were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS: The findings consisted of one theme, namely, \"Being a part of an intra-organisational collaboration for improved quality of care\", and four subthemes: \"Provides additional care for the vulnerable patients, \"Strengthens ward-based critical care\", \"Requires coordination and information\", and \"Creates an exchange of knowledge\". The nurse-led follow-up service detected signs of deterioration and led to better quality of care. However, shortage of time, lack of interaction, feedback and information about the function of the follow-up service led to problems.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that ward visits should be included in the intensive care follow-up service. Furthermore, intra-organisational collaboration seems to be essential for intensive care survivors\' quality of care.

OBJECTIVE: To formulate a model for patient-nurse interaction; to compile a comprehensive list of nursing tasks on hospital wards; and to construct a nursing tasks demand matrix.
BACKGROUND: The physical demands associated with nursing profession are of growing interest among researchers. Yet, it is the complexity of nursing tasks that defines the demands of ward nurses\' role. This study explores nursing tasks, based on patient-nurse interaction on hospital wards.
METHODS: Extant literature was reviewed to formulate a patient-nurse interaction model. Twenty ward nurses were interviewed to compile a list of nursing tasks. These nursing tasks were mapped against the patient-nurse interaction model.
RESULTS: A patient-nurse interaction model was created, consisting of: (1) patient care, (2) patient surveillance and (3) patient support. Twenty-three nursing tasks were identified. The nursing tasks demand matrix was constructed.
CONCLUSIONS: Ward managers may use a nursing tasks demand matrix to determine the demands of nursing tasks on ward nurses.
CONCLUSIONS: While many studies have explored either the physical or the psychosocial aspects of nursing tasks separately, this study suggests that the physicality of nursing tasks must be evaluated in tandem with their complexity. Ward managers may take a holistic approach to nursing tasks evaluation by using a nursing tasks demand matrix.

BACKGROUND: Work-related stress is a prevalent condition in the nursing profession, and its influence may vary according to changeable individual and situational factors. It is, therefore, important to investigate the real-time momentary changes in these factors and their relationship to emotional exhaustion experienced by nurses.
OBJECTIVE: We aim to analyse how their perceptions of demand, control, effort and reward change according to the task performed through real-time assessment and interact with the emotional exhaustion level of ward nurses.
METHODS: The research design was longitudinal.
METHODS: A three-level hierarchical model with a repeated measures design was used to assess the momentary self-reports of 96 hospital ward nurses, completed using a smartphone programmed with random alarms.
RESULTS: Findings show that demand, effort, and control appraisals depend on the task performed. The task appraised as most demanding, effortful, and controllable was direct care. Reward appraisal depends on the task performed and personal variables, i.e. emotional exhaustion. The situations perceived as more rewarding were rest and direct care. Momentary hedonic tone can be explained by the task performed, demand, reward, emotional exhaustion and by the interaction between emotional exhaustion and demand appraisal. Momentary fatigue can be explained by the task performed, demand, reward, and the emotional exhaustion.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of using momentary measures to understand complex and changeable inter-relationships. While also clarifying the targets of intervention programmes aimed at preventing burnout within the nursing profession.

OBJECTIVE: To develop the Discharge Planning of Ward Nurses (DPWN), a Japanese self-evaluation instrument for ward nurses\' discharge planning practices.
METHODS: Cross-sectional survey.
METHODS: Participants were 624 ward nurses from six hospitals in Japan with a discharge planning department. Items about discharge planning practices were collected from literature and interviews with nurses and researchers. Construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were tested.
RESULTS: Initially, 55 items were collected. Examination of the floor effect, item-total, good-poor analyses and exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor model with 24 items (\'teaching home-care skills with community/hospital professionals,\' \'identifying clients\' potential needs early in the discharge process,\' \'introducing social resources\' and \'identifying client/family wishes and building consensus for discharge\'). The four-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The DPWN correlated with scales ascertaining similar concepts, supporting concurrent validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were generally satisfactory.