背景:近几十年来,非洲的秃鹰数量迅速下降,一些物种遭受了90%以上的损失。各种形式的人类压力已被确定为这种下降的原因。然而,对文化实践之间复杂的相互作用知之甚少,传统医学和秃鹰的自然环境。这项研究的目的是分析人类对秃鹰的压力与文化态度的关系,例如科特迪瓦对魔术传统医学的需求,科莫国家公园(CNP)这些生物在西非的最后一个主要避难所之一。
方法:对周边11个村庄进行民族鸟类学调查。采访了一百一十人,以每个村庄10人的速度,使用半结构化问卷和非正式讨论。
结果:研究结果表明,在CNP中和周围仍然可以看到秃鹰。受访者表示要观察和指出的最常见的物种是连帽秃鹰(Necrosyrtesmonachus)和白头秃鹰(Ciponocepscipitalis)。然而,98.2%的受访者表示,在过去几年中,研究区域的秃鹰数量有所减少,以及这些生物的目击次数的减少。受访者将秃鹰的稀缺性归因于(1)粮食资源的可获得性有限,(2)农药和烟草中毒,(3)狩猎,(4)人口快速增长,(5)年度丛林大火和(6)栖息地丧失。CNP周围人群对秃鹰或秃鹰部分的使用(传统医学,神秘的实践,作为食物消费,文化遗产)也被强调为对这些生物的真正威胁。而在这方面常用的秃鹰部位有:羽毛,腿,头部,心,胃,大脑和粪便。连帽秃鹰(Necrosyrtesmonachus)似乎是最受欢迎的物种,也是研究领域中这些实践中使用最广泛的物种。
结论:需要采取适当的保护和沟通措施来确保这些猛禽的生存,对生态系统福祉至关重要,同时也确保尊重文化习俗。
BACKGROUND: Populations of
vultures in Africa have experienced a rapid decline over recent decades, with some species suffering losses of more than 90%. Various forms of human pressures have been identified as the causes of this decline. However, very little is known about the complex interaction between cultural practises, traditional medicine and the
vultures\' natural environment. The purpose of this study was to analyse human pressures on
vultures in relation with cultural attitudes such as their demand for magico-traditional medicine in Côte d\'Ivoire, around the Comoé National Park (CNP), one of the last major refuges of these organisms in West Africa.
METHODS: Eleven surrounding villages were visited to carry out ethno-ornithology surveys. One hundred and ten people were interviewed, at a rate of ten people per village, using a semi-structured questionnaire and informal discussions.
RESULTS: The findings showed that
vultures are still being seen both in and around the CNP. The most common species indicated to be observed and indicated by the interviewees were the Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) and the White-headed Vulture (Trigonoceps occipitalis). Nevertheless, 98.2% of the interviewees indicated having observed a decrease in the abundance of vultures over the last few years in the study area, as well as a decline in the number of sightings of these organisms. Interviewees attributed this scarcity of
vultures to (1) the limited availability of food resources, (2) pesticide and tobacco poisoning, (3) hunting, (4) rapid population growth, (5) annual bushfires and (6) habitat loss. The uses of the vulture or parts of vultures by the populations surrounding the CNP (traditional medicine, mystic practises, consumption as food, cultural heritage) were also highlighted as real threats to these organisms. And the vulture parts commonly used in this area are: feathers, legs, head, heart, stomach, brain and excrement. The Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) appears to be the most sought-after species and the most widely used for these practises in the study area.
CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate conservation and communication initiatives are required to ensure the survival of these raptors, crucial for ecosystem well-being, while also ensuring a respect of cultural practises.